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Big Think
By bigthinkEducation
Big Think episodes
- Sam Harris: Breaking the spell of propaganda | Full Interview
"We're awash in lies and misinformation to a degree that was not possible before we got the internet and in particular before we got social media."
Our world seems more fragmented than ever. Author and podcaster Sam Harris thinks that an open conversation with 8 billion strangers could solve that. Here's his full Big Think interview, in its entirety.
Sam argues that the real problem isn’t bad people but bad ideas. He believes there’s a growing “crisis of meaning” caused by secularism, social media, and political division, making honest discussions harder.
He points out how online platforms spread misinformation, push people to extremes, and make cooperation difficult. He values reason over blind faith and encourages open conversations. He also promotes mindfulness and meditation to quiet the constant noise in our minds.
He’s worried about rising populism and authoritarianism, warning that ignoring big issues like climate change and AI could have serious consequences. To protect free societies, he says we need to stay rational and deal with these threats wisely.
Chapters for easier navigation:
00:00:00 - Finding meaning in a world of disinformation00:00:21 - When did you first become interested in debate?00:01:28 - What is causing the polarization we are seeing in our society?00:08:46 - How do we experience meaning?00:14:37 - What concerns you most about the future?00:21:49 - Why is freedom of speech such a powerful concept?00:28:48 - How do our belief systems affect the world around us?00:37:05 - How do we navigate the current landscape?00:45:00 - What can individuals do to make the world a better place?00:51:15 - How can we become better versions of ourselves?01:04:44 - How can we reframe our mental state into a positive experience?01:14:01 - Is artificial intelligence friend or foe?01:22:08 - How can we develop artificial intelligence responsibly?01:26:39 - How can the media regain lost trust?01:36:13 - How can you tell who is telling the truth in media?
About Sam Harris:Sam Harris is the author of the New York Times bestsellers, The End of Faith and Letter to a Christian Nation. The End of Faith won the 2005 PEN Award for Nonfiction.Mr. Harris' writing has been published in over ten languages. He and his work have been discussed in Newsweek, TIME, The New York Times, Scientific American, Rolling Stone, and many other journals. His writing has appeared in Newsweek, The Los Angeles Times, The Times (London), The Boston Globe, The Atlantic, Nature, The Annals of Neurology, and elsewhere.
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1 hr 49 min - Our universe keeps expanding. But why? | Lee Cronin
**🌌 What If the Universe Expands Because of… Selection?**
Sounds wild? It is. But maybe it’s not nonsense.
Let’s dive into this provocative idea — that **life, selection, and novelty** might be *fueling* the Universe’s expansion.
### 🌀 The Setup: A Universe in Motion
The Universe, as far as we can tell, has been **expanding** ever since the Big Bang.
Not just drifting outward — **accelerating**.
But **why** is it expanding faster?
And what’s it expanding *into*?
(Trick question — probably *nothing*. There’s no “outside” to space-time.)
### ❓ A Bigger Question: What If Selection Drives Expansion?
Now for the bold idea:
> **Could the Universe be expanding because of selection?**
Not natural selection in the Darwinian sense, but a **broader concept**:
- Wherever **matter interacts**,
- Wherever **patterns emerge**,
- Wherever **choices are made**,
there’s **selection** — and selection may be the engine of **novelty**.
### 🧠 Here’s the Thought Experiment:
1. **Big Bang** happens → universe starts expanding.
2. **Complexity arises** — atoms, molecules, stars, life.
3. **Life generates novelty**, explores possibilities, selects paths.
4. **Selection** becomes embedded in physical processes.
5. That selection might be **linked to the flow of time** — and maybe even **fuels the expansion**.
Think of it as:
> **The more selection, the more expansion.**
Wherever *stuff* interacts and selects — from particles to consciousness —
**space inflates** to accommodate complexity.
### 🔄 But What Even *Is* Time?
Time, in this view, isn’t just a backdrop — it’s **active**, driven by **irreversible change**, the one-way arrow of causality.
And if time is real — and not reversible — then maybe **selection through matter** is what keeps the clock ticking.
And keeps the cosmos stretching.
### 🔬 Is It Testable?
No, not yet. Maybe not ever.
But maybe we’ve been asking the wrong questions.
Instead of:
> “What force is driving expansion?”
Try asking:
> “What role does *novelty* play in the evolution of the cosmos?”
### 🧬 Life as Localized Selection
If selection per unit volume = life,
then maybe **life isn’t separate from the cosmos** — it’s just **one expression of the Universe’s selection process**.
That means:
- Even if no humans exist,
- Even if no Earth exists,
- **Wherever there’s interaction, there’s selection.**
And **where there’s selection… the Universe expands**.
### 🤯 Final Thought
This isn’t settled science. It might even be nonsense.
But **isn’t it thrilling** to wonder if your thoughts, your choices, your very existence
are *not just observers of the cosmos* —
but **contributors to its expansion**?
> What if we’re not just in the Universe…
> **What if we’re part of what keeps it growing?**
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6 min - “Drug use is your birthright” | Dr. Carl Hart
Columbia Professor Carl Hart breaks taboos surrounding drug use in America.
The U.S. Was founded on the principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.So, why does the government prohibit Americans from altering their state of consciousness with drugs it has deemed illegal? After all, drug prohibition has not only proven ineffective and unjust in many cases, but it also impinges on one’s right to live life as they see fit. It restricts liberty and the pursuit of happiness.Given these inconsistencies between principle and policy, what role should the U.S. Government play, if any, in regulating mind-altering substances as we move forward into the 21st century?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About Dr. Carl Hart:Dr. Hart is an Associate Professor of Psychology in both the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology at Columbia University, and Director of the Residential Studies and Methamphetamine Research Laboratories at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. A major focus of Dr. Hart’s research is to understand complex interactions between drugs of abuse and the neurobiology and environmental factors that mediate human behavior and physiology. He is the author or co-author of dozens of peer-reviewed scientific articles in the area of neuropsychopharmacology, co-author of the textbook, Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior, and a member of a NIH review group. Dr. Hart was recently elected to Fellow status by the American Psychological Association (Division 28) for his outstanding contribution to the field of psychology, specifically psychopharmacology and substance abuse.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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8 min - Economist explains the two futures of crypto | Tyler Cowen
Economist Tyler Cowen confirms there are good reasons to be crypto-skeptical.Cryptocurrency is truly a new idea, and it's rare for society to encounter fundamentally new ideas.Cryptocurrency is well positioned to serve a crucial financial and transactional role as a globalized internet grows to include more of our lives.Crypto enthusiasts espouse grand plans that do not sound realistic, while crypto skeptics fail to appreciate the revolutionary nature of the technology.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About Tyler Cowen:Tyler is the Holbert L. Harris Chair of Economics at George Mason University and serves as chairman and general director of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. He is co-author of the popular economics blog Marginal Revolution and co-founder of the online educational platform Marginal Revolution University.Tyler also writes a column for Bloomberg View, and he has contributed to The Wall Street Journal and Money. In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek profiled Tyler as “America’s Hottest Economist” after his e-book, The Great Stagnation, appeared twice on The New York Times e-book bestseller list.He graduated from George Mason University with a bachelor's degree in economics and earned a Ph.D. In economics from Harvard University. He also runs a podcast series called Conversations with Tyler. His latest book Talent: How to Identify Energizers, Creatives and Winners Around the World is co-authored with venture capitalist Daniel Gross.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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7 min - Nature’s supercomputer lives on your dog | Ed Yong
Ed Yong explores the hidden features that make dog noses so incredible.
Many animals, from sharks to elephants, are champions of olfaction (smelling).Dogs are the most famous. Through their sense of smell, dogs can tell which direction a person traveled and even can distinguish between identical twins.Dogs can be trained to detect just about anything, including electronic devices.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About Ed Yong:Ed Yong is a Pulitzer Prize–winning science writer on the staff of The Atlantic, where he also won the George Polk Award for science reporting, among other honors. His first book, I Contain Multitudes, was a New York Times bestseller and won numerous awards. His work has appeared in The New Yorker, National Geographic, Wired, The New York Times, Scientific American, and more. He lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife, Liz Neeley, and their corgi, Typo.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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13 min - Why divergent thinkers beat geniuses in the real world | David Epstein
Don’t take the prodigy pathway. David Epstein says become a broad thinker instead.
The idea for Nintendo’s Game Boy system was born from a philosophy that had a much less catchy name: lateral thinking with withered technology.The term was coined by Gunpei Yokoi, a Nintendo employee who started at the company with a similarly dry job: machine maintenance worker. One day, a Nintendo executive noticed that Yokoi had built a simple extendable-arm-grabber toy in his free time. Let’s sell it, the executive said. It became a small hit.Yokoi was eventually promoted to help build out the company’s video game business. But he recognized that he didn’t have the expertise to advance the cutting edge of the video game world. So he decided on a very specific strategy: take already well-understood knowledge and technology from different domains and combine them in unique ways to create new products. The result was the Game Boy.In this interview with Big Think, David Epstein, author of the 2019 book "Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World," explains how lateral thinking — a type of thinking where you approach problems from non-obvious angles — is a problem-solving strategy that’s surprisingly well-suited for our fast-changing world.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About David Epstein:David Epstein is the author of the New York Times bestsellers Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World and The Sports Gene. He has master's degrees in environmental science and journalism and has worked as an investigative reporter for ProPublica and a senior writer for Sports Illustrated. He lives in Washington, DC.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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9 min - America’s maternal death rate: “This is a national crisis” | Michael Dowling
Black women are 3x more likely to die giving birth. Here’s one plan to fix that.
Where you live matters to your health. Life expectancy can vary dramatically between neighborhoods in the same city.The U.S. Has a particular problem with maternal mortality, which is much higher than in comparable countries.The CEO of Northwell Health describes how a program the company implemented decreased hospitalization due to life-threatening complications by nearly half.This video was created in partnership with Northwell Health.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About Michael Dowling:Michael J. Dowling is president and chief executive officer of Northwell Health, New York's largest health care provider and private employer, with 23 hospitals, more than 800 outpatient locations, and 75,000+ employees. One of health care's most influential executives, Mr. Dowling has received numerous awards, including the Ellis Island Medal of Honor, an honorary degree from the prestigious Queen's University Belfast and his selection as the Grand Marshal of the 2017 St. Patrick's Day Parade in NYC. He also serves as chair of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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11 min - Debunking success myths | Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michio Kaku & more
You can’t predict success. But according to minds like Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michio Kaku & more, you can hot wire it.
It’s perhaps never been easier to feel as if you’ve fallen behind in life. From the anxieties of comparing yourself to others online to our fetishization of success, it can seem like everyone else is out there attaining their goals and feeling happy while you feel stuck.The reality is that many people feel stuck — even those who present themselves as models of conventional success. So, what are some ways you can meaningfully work toward your goals, while also making sure that your goals are worth pursuing in the first place?Todd Rose, the co-founder and president of the think tank Populace, offers a framework called the “dark horse” mindset. As a rejection of conventional wisdom about how to succeed, the mindset includes four main strategies: know your micromotives, know your choices, know your strategies, and ignore the destination.Weighing in on those strategies and broader questions about success are other Big Think contributors, including Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michio Kaku, and Alex Banayan.Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:43 What is a 'dark horse'?1:20 Dark horse lesson #1: Know your micro-motives2:09 Neil deGrasse Tyson's mindset2:57 Dark horse lesson #2: Know your choices3:12 Steven Spielberg's mindset6:06 Dark horse lesson #3: Know your strategies6:30 Michio Kaku: Eisenhower's mindset7:42 Dark horse lesson #4: Ignore the destination8:15 Sarah Robb O'Hagan's mindset-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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15 min - Harvard negotiator explains how to argue | Dan Shapiro
Dan Shapiro, the head of Harvard’s International Negotiation program, shares 3 keys to a better argument.
Americans are increasingly falling into the “tribal trap,” according to Dan Shapiro, author of “Negotiating the Nonnegotiable: How to Resolve Your Most Emotionally Charged Conflicts.”The tribal trap often centers on politics. Those ensnared in it will do anything they can to shut down the other side in an effort to prove that their side is right, just, and the only way forward. But from abortion to immigration, the problem is often not what we’re arguing about, it’s how.So, how can we have more productive conversations? In this Big Think interview, Shapiro uses his negotiating expertise to outline several strategies to escape the tribal trap and communicate effectively, including understanding the core values of the other side, listening intently to what they’re saying, conveying that you understand what they’re saying, and finding common ground.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About Dan Shapiro:The founder and director of the Harvard International Negotiation Program, Daniel Shapiro teaches a highly evaluated course on negotiation at Harvard College; instructs psychology interns at Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital; and leads executive education sessions at the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School, Harvard Kennedy School, and Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital. He also has served on the faculty at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, and at the Sloan School of Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.He is author of Negotiating the Nonnegotiable, which Matthew Bishop of the Economist Group called “quite simply, the best book I have ever read on negotiating in situations of extreme conflict.” He also is coauthor with Roger Fisher of the negotiation classic “Beyond Reason: Using Emotions as You Negotiate.”------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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8 min - The psychology of keeping secrets inside | Michael Slepian
There are 38 kinds of secrets. The average person has 13 at any given moment. Michael Slepian explains how that can affect your health.
We all have secrets. The average person has as many as 13 secrets at any given time.Usually, we hold secrets to protect something, such as our reputation or someone we care about. But this doesn't always protect what we hope to protect.Additionally, secrets can lead to loneliness and shame, which are particularly toxic to our health and wellbeing.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------About Michael Slepian:Michael Slepian is the Sanford C. Bernstein & Co. Associate Professor of Leadership and Ethics at Columbia Business School. He previously was a visiting scholar at Stanford University, and received his Ph.D. From Tufts University. He is an elected fellow of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology, has received the Rising Star Award from the Association for Psychological Science, and received the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------06:30-17
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12 min
About Big Think
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Big Think is the leading source of expert-driven, actionable, educational content -- with thousands of videos, featuring experts ranging from Bill Clinton to Bill Nye, we help you get smarter, faster.…
Get actionable lessons from the world’s greatest thinkers & doers. Our experts are either disrupting or leading their respective fields. We aim to help you explore the big ideas and core skills that define knowledge in the 21st century, so you can apply them to the questions and challenges in your own life.
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