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Executive Summary
Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 110 (BIP-110), authored by Dathon Ohm, is a highly contentious consensus-layer intervention designed to temporarily restrict the embedding of arbitrary, non-monetary data into the Bitcoin blockchain. Scheduled for potential activation in late 2026, the proposal aims to curb the growth of protocols like Ordinals, BRC-20 tokens, and Runes to protect node decentralization and restore a “monetary-first” fee market.
The proposal introduces seven rigid consensus rules that limit script sizes and disable specific upgrade hooks for a period of precisely 52,416 blocks (approximately one year). Proponents argue it is a necessary, low-risk empirical test to resolve “state bloat” and “tragedy of the commons” issues. Conversely, critics and adversarial analysts warn that BIP-110 represents a “hostile takeover attempt” that risks a permanent network split, destroys the functionality of Layer 2 (L2) protocols like the Lightning Network and BitVM, and threatens the economic security of the mining sector by orphaning up to $1.5 million in daily fee revenue.
BIP-110 represents a fundamental clash between those who view Bitcoin as a restricted monetary settlement layer and those who view it as a permissionless, programmable ledger. While its temporary nature is intended to mitigate risk, the technical “breakage” of L2 protocols and the high probability of a chain split due to low miner support make it one of the most volatile proposals in the protocol’s history.
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