In this episode, Alex traces a straight line from Whren v. United States to today’s visa regime. He begins with the Supreme Court’s decision in Whren, a case that formally declared motive irrelevant—so long as the government can point to a legal justification. That ruling didn’t just reshape policing; it normalized pretext as a governing principle.

From there, Alex turns to the State Department, where that same logic quietly operates at a global scale. Visa decisions are framed as neutral exercises of discretion, but in practice they rely on opaque standards, unchecked power, and assumptions that map closely onto race, nationality, and perceived threat. Like traffic stops after Whren, denials don’t need to admit bias—only a technically lawful reason.

This episode argues that what looks like bureaucratic routine is actually the afterlife of Whren: a legal architecture that insulates discrimination by calling it discretion. From domestic policing to border control, we examine how law creates plausible deniability—and how entire populations pay the price.