But it is Rocket Science

Have you ever wondered how radio telescopes work? Why was the recent news on the Arecibo so important? Tune in to our latest episode to find out!

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Henna's Sources:

“Arecibo Message.” SETI Institute, www.seti.org/seti-institute/project/details/arecibo-message.

“Arecibo Message.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message.

“Arecibo Telescope.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_Telescope.

Arecibo: Facts and Figures, NSF, www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/arecibo/Arecibo_Fact_Sheet_11_20.pdf.

“Electromagnetic Spectrum.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum.

“Hulse–Taylor Binary.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulse%E2%80%93Taylor_binary.

Hurley, Natasha. How Radio Telescopes Show Us Unseen Galaxies. YouTube, 16 May 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFEgRt2EH1g&t=333s&ab_channel=TED.

“National Schools' Observatory.” Arecibo Observatory | National Schools' Observatory, www.schoolsobservatory.org/learn/eng/tels/groundtel/arecibo.

“Neutron Star.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star.

“Pulsar.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar.

Radio Image, www.gb.nrao.edu/epo/image.html.

“What Are Radio Telescopes?” National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 27 Nov. 2019, public.nrao.edu/telescopes/radio-telescopes/.

Anna's Sources:

Adee, Sally. “War by Any Means: The Story of DARPA.” New Scientist, 22 Mar. 2017, www.newscientist.com/article/2125337-war-by-any-means-the-story-of-darpa/.

“American Nonprofit Research Institute.” SRI International, 19 Jan. 2021, www.sri.com/.

“Arecibo Observatory.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory.

“Arecibo, Puerto Rico Latitude Longitude.” Arecibo Latitude Longitude, latitudelongitude.org/pr/arecibo/.

“Dwight D Eisenhower and Science and Technology.” Dwight D Eisenhower Memorial Commission, web.archive.org/web/20101027163454/eisenhowermemorial.org/onepage/IKE%20%26%20Science.Oct08.EN.FINAL%20%28v2%29.pdf.

“F Region.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/science/F-region.

Gohd, Chelsea. “China Is Opening the World's Largest Radio Telescope up to International Scientists.” Space.com, Space, 18 Dec. 2020, www.space.com/china-fast-radio-telescope-open-international-scientists.

History.com Editors. “Red Scare.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 1 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare.

History.com Editors. “The 1950s.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/1950s.

“Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963.” Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope, 1963 - Engineering and Technology History Wiki, ethw.org/Milestones:NAIC/Arecibo_Radiotelescope,_1963.

“Milutin Milankovitch.” NASA, NASA, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/Milankovitch/milankovitch_2.php#:~:text=Obliquity%20(change%20in%20axial%20tilt)&text=Today%2C%20the%20Earth's%20axis%20is,between%2022.1%20and%2024.5%20degrees.

“National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin.” US NSF - Dear Colleague Letter: National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) (NSF 09-014), www.nsf.gov/pubs/2009/nsf09014/nsf09014.jsp.

Tracking Solar Flares, solar-center.stanford.edu/SID/activities/ionosphere.html.

Witze, Alexandra. “Gut-Wrenching Footage Documents Arecibo Telescope's Collapse.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 2 Dec. 2020, www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03421-y.

Witze, Alexandra. “Legendary Arecibo Telescope Will Close Forever - Scientists Are Reeling.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 19 Nov. 2020, www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03270-9.

Happy New Year, Space Cadets! We are so excited to be back! Have you ever wondered what the Vomit Comet was? How do those anti-gravity simulator airplanes work anyway? Come hang out with us, your friendly neighborhood Aerospace Engineers, and learn all about Reduced Gravity Aircraft!

Music from https://filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Anna's Sources:

“Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 28 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker.

Dunbar, Brian. “It's a Bird. It's a Plane. It's a Student?” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/researchernews/rn_ZeroGravity.html.

“Falcon 1.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_1.

HABER, F, and H HABER. “Possible methods of producing the gravity-free state for medical research.” The Journal of aviation medicine vol. 21,5 (1950): 395-400.

Possible Methods of Producing the Gravity-Free State for Medical Research, PDF Copy: https://motamem.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/space-medicine-classics-parabolic-flight.pdf

“Heinz Haber.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Haber.

“Home - ZERO-G.” ZERO, 17 Dec. 2020, www.gozerog.com/home/.

[email protected], Paul Wood. “New Chancellor Took Her Own Path.” Gazette, 25 June 2019, www.news-gazette.com/news/new-chancellor-took-her-own-path/article_83ee0f63-96a4-5ae5-85b1-61595156d4c0.html.

“Reduced-Gravity Aircraft.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced-gravity_aircraft#cite_note-3.

“Shih-Chun Wang.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shih-Chun_Wang#cite_note-news-gazette.com-7.

Henna's Sources:

Karmali, Faisal, and Mark Shelhamer. “The Dynamics of Parabolic Flight: Flight Characteristics and Passenger Percepts.” Acta Astronautica, Pergamon, 27 June 2008, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576508001574.

“Reduced-Gravity Aircraft.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced-gravity_aircraft#cite_note-3.

Charlene Brooks, et al. “Free Falling: the Science of Weightlessness.” Science in the News, 18 Oct. 2018, sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/free-falling-the-science-of-weightlessness/.

Did you know solar sails are different than solar panels? They're these large sheets, thinner than your hair, that can propel spacecraft! How do they work? What missions have used them? Tune in to learn about the amazing engineering behind solar sails!

Anna made a TikTok: @AnnaisAnxious

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Henna's Sources:

“A Brief History of Solar Sails.” NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/31jul_solarsails.

Etherington, Darrell. “Crowdfunded LightSail 2 Spacecraft Succeeds in Flying on Sunlight Alone.” TechCrunch, TechCrunch, 31 July 2019, techcrunch.com/2019/07/31/crowdfunded-lightsail-2-spacecraft-succeeds-in-flying-on-sunlight-alone/.

“In Depth.” NASA, NASA, 24 July 2019, solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/mariner-10/in-depth/.

Johnson, Les, et al. “Status of Solar Sail Technology Within NASA.” NASA Technical Reports Server, 20 July 2010, ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100039163.

Johnson, Les, et al. “NanoSail-D: A Solar Sail Demonstration Mission.” Acta Astronautica, vol. 68, no. 5-6, 2011, pp. 571–575., doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.02.008.

“LightSail.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightSail.

“Mars Orbiter Mission.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission.

“Project Echo.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Echo.

Tsuda, Y., et al. “Flight Status of IKAROS Deep Space Solar Sail Demonstrator.” Acta Astronautica, vol. 69, no. 9-10, 2011, pp. 833–840., doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.06.005.

“What Is Solar Sailing?” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-solar-sailing.

Anna's Sources:

Breakthrough Initiatives, breakthroughinitiatives.org/about.

“Breakthrough Starshot.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Starshot.

“Dooku's Solar Sailer.” Wookieepedia, starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Dooku's_solar_sailer.

Johnson, L., McKenzie, D., & Newmark, J. (2020). The Solar Cruiser Mission Concept — Enabling New Vistas for Heliophysics. Bulletin of the AAS, 52(3). Retrieved from https://baas.aas.org/pub/aas236-106p08-johnson

Libretexts. “29.4: Photon Momentum.” Physics LibreTexts, Libretexts, 10 Sept. 2020, phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/Book:_College_Physics_(OpenStax)/29:_Introduction_to_Quantum_Physics/29.04:_Photon_Momentum.

Mann, Adam. “What Is a Solar Sail?” Space.com, Space, 3 July 2019, www.space.com/solar-sail.html.

Marshall Space Flight Center. “Solar Sail Propulsion.” National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 25 Apr. 2005, www.nasa.gov/pdf/134645main_solar_sail_fs.pdf.

McAlpine, Jennifer. “How Big Is a Micron?” Benchmark_R_1CWhite, www.bench.com/setting-the-benchmark/how-big-is-a-micron.

“NASA Heliophysics.” NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/heliophysics.

Patel, Prachi. “Solar Sail Spacecraft Could Explore Beyond Solar System.” Space.com, Space, 2 Sept. 2010, www.space.com/9051-solar-sail-spacecraft-explore-solar-system.html.

“Photoelectric Effect.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect.

“Photon.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Nov. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon.

The Planetary Society. “How Do Solar Sails Work? Bill Nye Explains.” Youtube, 2 Aug. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORQNgKnKVvM.

“Quantum.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum.

“Sailing Basics: 10 Nautical & Sailing Terms To Know.” Discover Boating, www.discoverboating.com/resources/sailing-basics-10-nautical-sailing-terms-to-know.

“What Is Solar Sailing?” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/what-is-solar-sailing.

Have you ever wondered what Astronauts snack on? Is it any good? Do they get to pick what they eat? Grab a snack of your own and learn all about the evolution of Space Food!

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Henna's Sources:

Briardo Llorente CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Fellow. “How to Grow Crops on Mars If We Are to Live on the Red Planet.” The Conversation, 21 Oct. 2019, theconversation.com/how-to-grow-crops-on-mars-if-we-are-to-live-on-the-red-planet-99943.

Dunbar, Brian. “Human Needs: Sustaining Life During Exploration.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/everydaylife/jamestown-needs-fs.html.

“FRIDGE.” BioServe Space Technologies, 25 Sept. 2020, www.colorado.edu/center/bioserve/fridge.

Gibson, Eleanor. “Scientists Develop ‘Greenhouse Shields’ to Grow Food on Mars.” Dezeen, 16 July 2019, www.dezeen.com/2019/07/16/harvard-university-scientists-develop-greenhouse-shields-growing-food-on-mars/.

Leah Burrows | Press contact. “A Material Way to Make Mars Habitable.” A Material Way to Make Mars Habitable | Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 15 July 2019, www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2019/07/material-way-make-mars-habitable.

Mankarious, Sarah-Grace. “Floating Food: The History of Eating in Space.” CNN, Cable News Network, 19 July 2019, www.cnn.com/2019/07/19/world/apollo-space-food-history-scn/index.html.

Mars, Kelli. “Space Station 20th: Food on ISS.” NASA, NASA, 14 Aug. 2020, www.nasa.gov/feature/space-station-20th-food-on-iss.

Reppenhagen, Author: Cory. “A Refrigerator from CU Boulder Could Change the Future of Astronaut Food.” KUSA.com, 7 Oct. 2020, www.9news.com/article/tech/science/astronauts-to-receive-first-space-fridge-from-cu-boulder/73-c4148d0b-8f59-4b6c-873b-9b8b13356bb3.

Sharp, Tim. “What Is the Temperature on Mars?” Space.com, Space, 30 Nov. 2017, www.space.com/16907-what-is-the-temperature-of-mars.html.

Wild, Flint. “Eating in Space.” NASA, NASA, 8 June 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/stem-on-station/ditl_eating.

Anna's Sources:

Bschroeder. “Space Food.” Space Foundation Discovery Center, www.discoverspace.org/exhibit/space-food/.

“Food in Space.” Food in Space | National Air and Space Museum, airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/apollo-to-the-moon/online/astronaut-life/food-in-space.cfm.

“Gordon Cooper.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Cooper.

“John Glenn.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Glenn.

Lane, Helen W, and Daniel L Feeback. “History of Nutrition in Space Flight.” Nutrition, vol. 18, no. 10, 2002, pp. 797–804., doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00946-2.

Mankarious, Sarah-Grace. “Floating Food: The History of Eating in Space.” CNN, Cable News Network, 19 July 2019, www.cnn.com/2019/07/19/world/apollo-space-food-history-scn/index.html.

“Space Food.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_food.

Stepanova, Anastasia. “How Russian Space Food Has Evolved over the Years.” Russia Beyond, 24 June 2018, www.rbth.com/russian-kitchen/328572-russian-space-food-evolution.

Watson, Stephanie. “How Space Food Works.” HowStuffWorks Science, HowStuffWorks, 27 Jan. 2020, science.howstuffworks.com/space-food1.htm.

“Yuri Gagarin.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin.

The spooky party keeps going with our latest episode! Area 51 has been one of the US's most well kept secrets until a few years ago when some goosebump-inducing information was released. Is Area 51 real? Where is it? What secrets does it hold? What would happen if we tried to visit? Tune into our latest episode of spooky month to learn more!

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Dopplerette by Kevin MacLeod

Link: https://filmmusic.io/song/3668-dopplerette

License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Anna's Sources:

Abell, John C. “July 8, 1947: Roswell Incident Launches UFO Controversy.” Wired, Conde Nast, 14 Jan. 2018, www.wired.com/2010/07/0708army-announces-roswell-new-mexico-ufo-sighting/.

Berlitz, Charles, and William L. Moore. “Accadde a Roswell.” Amazon, Sperling & Kupfer, 1996, www.amazon.com/Roswell-Incident-Charles-Berlitz/dp/1567311326.

“Chief of Police.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_police.

“Cold War.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 17 Sept. 2020, www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War.

Gildenberg, B. D. "A Roswell requiem." Skeptic [Altadena, CA], vol. 10, no. 1, 2003, p. 60+. Gale Academic OneFile, . Accessed 10 Oct. 2020.

https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA101495912&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=10639330&p=AONE&sw=w

Gildenberg, B.D. "Defense of 'A Roswell Requiem'." Skeptic [Altadena, CA], vol. 10, no. 4, 2004, p. 20. Gale Academic OneFile, . Accessed 7 Oct. 2020.

https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA116184164&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=fulltext&issn=10639330&p=AONE&sw=w

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/sep/24/area-51-raid-event-what-happened-nevada

McAndrew, James. The Roswell Report: Case Closed, US Air Force, 1997, media.defense.gov/2010/Oct/27/2001330219/-1/-1/0/AFD-101027-030.pdf.

McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. “Before Area 51, the US' First 'UFO' Controversy Uncovered a Top-Secret Military Project.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 20 Sept. 2019, www.businessinsider.com/storm-area-51-real-story-of-first-ufo-sighting-2019-7.

Patrick. “Roswell 1947 - Newspapers in 1947.” Ufo - UFOS at Close Sight: Roswell 1947, the Press, Roswell Daily Record, July 9, web.archive.org/web/20090109043134/ufologie.net/rw/p/roswelldailyrecord9jul1947.htm.

“Ray Santilli.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Santilli.

The Roswell Report: Fact versus Fiction in the New Mexico Desert, US Air Force, 1995, apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA326148.pdf.

“Roswell UFO Incident.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_UFO_incident.

Henna's Sources:

Aguilera, Jasmine. “Everything to Know About Area 51's Mysterious History.” Time, Time, 17 July 2019, time.com/5627694/area-51-history/.

Alleah. “51 Surprising Area 51 Facts That You Never Knew About.” Facts.net, Facts.net, 10 Sept. 2020, facts.net/world/landmarks/area-51-facts.

“Area 51.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 18 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_51.

Brandenburg, M., Roy, C. Conspiracy Theories. Area 51. Podcast.

History.com Editors. “What Goes on at Area 51?” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 16 Jan. 2013, www.history.com/news/what-goes-on-at-area-51.

“Lockheed A-12.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_A-12.

“Lockheed Have Blue.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Have_Blue.

Project Aquatone, CIA, 26 Jan. 1956, www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP62B00844R000200260063-6.pdf.

“U2.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U2.

It's October, so you know what that means? It's time to get SPOOKY! We're kicking off Spooky month with one of Henna's favorite's: Project Blue Book. Do you believe in UFOs?

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Anna's Sources:

Dunbar, Brian. “Hypersonic X-43A Takes Flight.” NASA, NASA, www.nasa.gov/missions/research/x43-main.html.

History.com Editors. “Red Scare.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 1 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare.

“Kenneth Arnold UFO Sighting.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Arnold_UFO_sighting.

“Kenneth Arnold.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Arnold.

“Lead in Paint.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 July 2019, www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/sources/paint.htm.

“Northrop YB-35.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 4 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_YB-35.

“Orographic Lift.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orographic_lift.

Paur, Jason. “Oct. 14, 1947: Yeager Machs the Sound Barrier.” Wired, Conde Nast, 10 Sept. 2018, www.wired.com/2009/10/1014yeager-breaks-mach-1/.

“Prospector.” Prospector Noun - Definition, Pictures, Pronunciation and Usage Notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com, www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/prospector.

“Red Scare.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Scare.

“Speed of Sound.” ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, www.sciencedaily.com/terms/speed_of_sound.htm.

“Vought XF5U.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vought_XF5U.

Waldek, Stefanie. “History's Most Infamous UFO Sightings.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 6 July 2017, www.history.com/news/historys-most-infamous-ufo-sightings.

Henna's Sources:

Apple, Charles. “UFOs over Washington: The First Report of 'Flying Saucers'.” Spokesman.com, The Spokesman-Review, 23 June 2020, www.spokesman.com/stories/2020/jun/23/ufos-over-washington-first-report-flying-saucers/.

“Close Encounter.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_encounter.

“Close Encounters of the Third Kind.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Oct. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_Encounters_of_the_Third_Kind.

Hall, Richard H. The UFO Evidence. Vol. 1, The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), 1964. https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP81R00560R000100010001-0.pdf

Jackson, Matthew. “Little-Known Sci-Fi Fact: How a Misquote Created the UFO Term 'Flying Saucer'.” SYFY WIRE, SYFY WIRE, 24 June 2015, www.syfy.com/syfywire/little-known-sci-fi-fact-how-misquote-created-ufo-term-flying-saucer.

“Lubbock Lights.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubbock_Lights.

“National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Investigations_Committee_On_Aerial_Phenomena.

Ott, Tim. “J. Allen Hynek.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 22 Jan. 2020, www.biography.com/scientist/j-allen-hynek.

“Project BLUE BOOK - Unidentified Flying Objects.” National Archives and Records Administration, National Archives and Records Administration, www.archives.gov/research/military/air-force/ufos.

“Project Blue Book.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Blue_Book.

Ruppelt, Edward J. The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects. Ace Books, 1956.

Hey there Space Cadets! Don't worry, there is still a new episode this week! Henna and I were guests on the Off-Nominal Podcast on Sunday, September 20th with host Jake Robins and guest host Emilee Speck. You can listen to it by searching for Off-Nominal in your Favorite Podcast App. It is "Episode 34 - Repeatedly Googling Area 51". You can also check out the recording of the live steam on the Off-Nominal Youtube channel!

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Podcast Episode:

https://www.offnominal.space/episodes/34

Youtube Livestream:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXgXIxpnQVE&t=4207s

Jake Robins:

https://twitter.com/jakeonorbit?lang=en

https://twitter.com/we_martians

https://wemartians.com/

Emilee Speck:

https://twitter.com/EMSpeck

https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2020/08/24/introducing-space-curious-a-new-podcast-by-wkmg-news-6/

Have you ever wondered how we can send probes all the way to Mercury? Can a spacecraft catch a free ride in space without using extra fuel? Jupiter flyby is a pretty cool term but what does it mean? To get answers to these questions, tune in to our latest episode that's all about gravity assist maneuvers aka slingshot maneuvers!

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Henna's Sources:

“A Gravity Assist Primer.” NASA Science, https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/primer/.

“Delta-v Budget.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v_budget.

Fly By Trajectories, Delta V & Gravity Assists, YouTube, 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Ta0Io-qO4.

“Hohmann Transfer Orbit Diagram.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/space-images/hohmann-transfer-orbit.

“How Does the Slingshot Effect (or Gravity Assist) Work to Change the Orbit of a Spacecraft?” Scientific American, Scientific American, 11 July 2005, www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-the-slingshot-ef/.

How To Perform a Gravity Assist, YouTube, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CqBP-CtM0c

“Orbital Maneuver.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Apr. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_maneuver.

Wertz, James Richard., and Wiley J. Larson. Space Mission Analysis and Design. Microcosm, 1999.

Why Doesn't the Moon Fall to Earth? Exploring Orbits and Gravity, YouTube, 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKXVRu6JL54.

Anna's Sources:

Alexander, Donovan. 11 Influential Inventions from the 1920s That You Should Definitely Know About. 20 Sept. 2019, interestingengineering.com/11-influential-inventions-from-the-1920s-that-you-should-definitely-know-about.

“Ask an Astronomer.” Cool Cosmos, coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/ask/25-How-far-is-Mercury-from-Earth-.

Baikonur Cosmodrome. 1 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome.

“BepiColombo Overview.” ESA, www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/BepiColombo_overview2.

“BepiColombo.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 30 June 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BepiColombo.

Berger, Eric. All Hail Luna 3, Rightful King of 1950s Space Missions. 4 Oct. 2019, arstechnica.com/science/2019/10/all-hail-luna-3-rightful-king-of-1950s-space-missions/.

ESA. “Bepicolombo Takes Last Snaps of Earth En Route to Mercury.” ESA Science & Technology , 10 Apr. 2020, sci.esa.int/web/bepicolombo/-/bepicolombo-takes-last-snaps-of-earth-en-route-to-mercury.

Friedrich Zander. 5 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Zander.

“Giuseppe 'Bepi' Colombo: Grandfather of the Fly-By.” ESA, www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Giuseppe_Bepi_Colombo_Grandfather_of_the_fly-by.

Harbhovska, Olha. Yuriy Kondratyuk: A Ukrainian Mathematician Ahead of His Time. 23 Oct. 2019, www.americahousekyiv.org/ah-blog/2019/10/23/yuriy-kondratyuk-a-ukrainian-mathematician-ahead-of-his-time.

In Depth. solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/luna-03/in-depth/.

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“Mercury Exploration Mission ‘BepiColombo.’” JAXA, global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/bepi/.

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Guess what Space Cadets? It's time for a NEWS BLAST! Did you know the UAE has a Space Program, let alone a Mars Orbiter? Come hang out with us while we take you through an overview of the Hope Probe!

Note from Anna: It's Jim Bridenstine not Jim Birdenstine. I always get that wrong. My apologies to Mr. Bridenstine and all the members of the JBFC (http://jimbridenstinefan.club/)

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Anna’s Sources:

2, Jeff Foust — October, and Jeff Foust. “United Arab Emirates to Establish Human Spaceflight Program.”

SpaceNews, 30 Jan. 2019, spacenews.com/united-arab-emirates-to-establish-human-spaceflight-program/.

Calypsu. “Home.” Home | Emirates Mars Mission, www.emiratesmarsmission.ae/.

Clark, Stephen. “United Arab Emirates Successfully Sends Its First Mission toward Mars.” Spaceflight Now, 19 July 2020, spaceflightnow.com/2020/07/19/united-arab-emirates-successfully-sends-its-first-mission-toward-mars/.

Gibney, Elizabeth. “How a Small Arab Nation Built a Mars Mission from Scratch in Six Years.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 8 July 0AD, 2020, www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-020-01862-z/index.html.

Lunsford, Christine. “Hazzaa Ali Almansoori: The 1st Emirati Astronaut's Space Station Mission in Photos.”

Space.com, Space, 26 Sept. 2019, www.space.com/first-uae-astronaut-emirati-hazzaa-ali-almansoori--photos.html.

Strickland, Ashley. This Summer, Multiple Spacecraft Are Launching to Mars. Here's Why. 29 July 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/07/27/world/mars-mission-launches-summer-2020-scn/index.html.

Tanegashima Space Center. 23 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanegashima_Space_Center.

Williams , Dr. David R, and E Bell. “Emirates Mars Mission (Hope).” NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive, NASA, 14 May 2020, nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EMM-HOPE.

Henna’s Sources:

Amiri, Sarah, and EMM Team. “EMIRATES HOPE MARS MISSION (EMM) SCIENCE OVERVIEW.”

Jet Propulsion Laboratory , NASA, mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/meeting/2019-07/Agenda/08_EMM%20Overview%20Mars%20Intl%20July%202019%20-%20MEPAG.pdf.

“Emirates Mars Mission to Begin Journey to the Red Planet.” CU Boulder Today, 16 July 2020, www.colorado.edu/today/2020/07/15/emirates-mars-mission-begin-journey-red-planet.

“Emirates Mars Mission.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission.

“Hydrazine Thrusters.” Monopropellant Hydrazine Thrusters, www.space-propulsion.com/spacecraft-propulsion/hydrazine-thrusters/index.html.

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Moukhallati, Dana. “Emirati 'Hope' Probe Heads for Mars.” Phys.org, Phys.org, 14 July 2020, phys.org/news/2020-07-emirati-probe-mars.html.

Robert Sanders, Media relations| July 19, and Robert Sanders. “Emirates Launches First Mars Probe with Help from UC Berkeley.” Berkeley News, 29 July 2020, news.berkeley.edu/2020/07/19/emirates-launches-first-mars-probe-with-help-from-uc-berkeley/.

“Sarah Al Amiri.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Aug. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Al_Amiri.

Seeker. “The UAE’s Hope Probe Will Make History As It Heads to Mars.” Youtube, www.youtube.com/watch?v=n65UpNa21V0.

“الاهداف العلمية لمشروع الامارات لاستكشاف المريخ.” وكالة الإمارات للفضاء, www.space.gov.ae/Page/20121/20250/The-Science-of-the-Emirates-Mars-Mission.

There's a new rover on its way to the Red Planet! Will it find life on Mars? What makes it different from the others rovers? I've heard there was a helicopter involved? Come hang out with your favorite rocket scientists, Anna and Henna, to learn the answers to all these questions and more!

Note: There's an error around 1:12 in the episode, it is mentioned that Mar's is 1% Oxygen, it is actually 1% air.

Music from filmmusic.io

"Tyrant" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

License: CC BY (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Anna’s Sources:

“Curiosity (Rover).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2020,

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“The Detective Aboard NASA's Perseverance Rover – NASA's Mars Exploration Program.” NASA, NASA, 26 May 2020,

“Entry, Descent, and Landing Technologies.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/landing/entry-descent-landing/.

“How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 1: Entry.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/06221711-how-curiosity-land-part-1.

“How Curiosity Will Land on Mars, Part 2: Descent.” The Planetary Society, www.planetary.org/articles/06290700-how-curiosity-land-part-2.

“The Lander Structure.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/spacecraft/entry-descent-and-landing-configuration/lander-structure/.

“Mars 2020.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2020

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“Mars Exploration Program.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Aug. 2020

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“NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Gets Its Wheels and Air Brakes.” NASA, NASA, 3 Apr. 2020,

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“Helicopter Engine RPM And Rotorblade Pitch Management.” Redback Aviation, Publisher Name Rotorway International Publisher Logo, 5 June 2017,

“Robotic Arm.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/spacecraft/rover/arm/.

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Wolchover, Natalie. “NASA Gives Up On Stuck Mars Rover Spirit.” Space.com, Space, 24 May 2011

Toyota Prius:

“2016 Toyota Prius - Specs.” New, www.new-cars.com/2016/toyota/specs/prius.html.

“Toyota Prius (2016) Dimensions & Drawings.” RSS, www.dimensions.com/element/toyota-prius-2016.

Henna’s Sources:

“AJ-60A.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 July 2020,

“Centaur (Rocket Stage).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Aug. 2020

Greicius, Tony. “NASA Perseverance Mars Rover Scientists Train in the Nevada Desert.” NASA, NASA, 5 May 2020,

Greicius, Tony. “Things Are Stacking up for NASA's Mars 2020 Spacecraft.” NASA, NASA, 18 Apr. 2019,

“Propelling Perseverance: The Legacy of Viking Is Helping NASA Get to Mars.” The Space Review: Propelling Perseverance: The Legacy of Viking Is Helping NASA Get to Mars,

“Landing Site.” NASA, NASA, mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/landing-site/.

Mustard, J.F., M. Adler, A. Allwood, D.S. Bass, D.W. Beaty, J.F. Bell III, W.B. Brinckerhoff, M. Carr, D.J. Des Marais, B. Drake, K.S. Edgett, J. Eigenbrode, L.T. Elkins-Tanton, J.A. Grant, S. M. Milkovich, D. Ming, C. Moore, S. Murchie, T.C. Onstott, S.W. Ruff, M.A. Sephton, A. Steele, A. Treiman (2013): Report of the Mars 2020 Science Definition Team, 154 pp., posted July, 2013, by the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) at http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/MEP/Mars_2020_SDT_Report_Final.pdf.

Williams, Matt. “Perseverance Went Into Safe Mode Shortly After Launch, But It's Fine.” Universe Today, 4 Aug. 2020,

NASA’s Perseverance Mars Rover VS Curiosity - What's New? What's Improved?, Everyday Astronaut, 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEO77UEFGT4.

Tzinis, Irene. “About the Deep Space Network.” NASA, NASA, 30 Mar. 2020,