Chordoma is a "rare slow-growing neoplasm thought to arise from cellular remnants of the notochord." This origin explains its location along the neuraxis and similar immunohistochemical staining patterns. • Notochordal cells are preferentially left behind in the clivus and sacrococcygeal regions.

Chondrosarcoma is a type of bone cancer originating in cartilage-producing cells. It represents approximately 30% of all bone sarcomas. It is often resistant to traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It can occur at any age, and is most often found in the axial skeleton (spine, skull). Diagnosis involves imaging and biopsy. Treatment primarily involves surgery, with proton therapy showing promise. Prognosis varies significantly depending on the tumor's grade.

Adamantinoma (from Greek adamantinos 'very hard') is a rare bone cancer, making up less than 1% of all bone cancers."
"The slow-growing tumor predominantly arises in long bones in a subcortical location (95% in the tibia or fibula)."
"Benign osteofibrous dysplasia may be a precursor of adamantinoma or a regressive phase of adamantinoma."
"X-rays of the affected area show a well defined tumour in bone, with multiple lobules giving a 'soap bubble' appearance."
"Treatment consists of wide resection or amputation."
"Metastases are rare at presentation but may occur in up to 30% of patients during the disease course. Prognosis is excellent, with overall survival of 85% at 10 years, but is lower when wide surgical margins cannot be obtained."

"Cancer is a group of diseases that involve abnormal increases in the number of cells, with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body."
"There are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans."
"Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in."
"Cancers are usually named using -carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma as a suffix, with the Latin or Greek word for the organ or tissue of origin as the root."

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). This contrasts with benign tumors, which remain localized.