The authoritarian regimes in Arab countries have responded to the pressures for transformation and coping with challenges in different ways. Some have failed in their management of this transition, leading to armed conflicts or the state’s collapse, while others have simply reproduced an authoritarian form of power, as stable as it is fragile. What exactly has determined the way each responds, the paths they have taken and the outcomes in each specific case? Can the “end of the rentier state model” provide a useful framework for understanding the crisis in many Arab states and their options for the future?