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As part of a larger endeavour to make floor plan representations from building models available for indoor map and navigation services, we study the integration of IFC and OSM.

# Introduction, background, motivation

Official geo data is increasingly published not only in the form of 2D maps,

but also in 3D, mainly as city models in CityGML. Usually the outer shell of

buildings is captured in such models, but they may also involve more intricate

detail. Even more detailed building models are generated during the planning

process for new buildings and renovations. These are nowadays produced in

digital form, archived in as-built phase by owners and operators for the life

time of a building and, in the future, may even be required to be submitted for

building permits.

At the same time there is an increasing public interest in detailed information

about public and semi-public interior spaces, for example about their

accessibility, localization of barriers or targets (e.g. contact persons in

public administration, shops in malls, booths on fairs, markets or larger info

events, departments or hospital wards) or resources (e.g. books in libraries,

charging stations, fire equipment or defibrillators) or to get a first

impression in advance (e.g. virtual open day). The interest and the points of

interest may be temporary or permanent.

Since the context of creating and capturing geo data and building data is

fundamentally different, there is hardly any integration. Indoor data for maps

and navigation models is manually captured or at best derived in undocumented

multi-step semi-automatic workflows.

# Aim and purpose of the study

The project "Level Out" sets out to develop automated methods and services to

make detailed indoor data from digital building models selectively available

for the population of city models, map and navigation services (in the form of

2,5 D floorplans).

Towards this end, we are developing a platform to check building models whether

they are suitable and contain required data, extract selected and simplified

indoor data and convert it into various formats: CityGML LOD0 (Indoor),

IndoorGML and OSM Indoor. As input we rely on data in the format IFC (Industry

Foundation Classes), the most widespread standard format for digital building

models. Indoor OSM, in particular geometry with Simple Indoor Tagging, is one

of the various extraction targets. The data created may not be directly fed

into OpenStreetMap, but serve as a viable base for further mapping.

There are already older solutions, e.g. BIMServerOsmSerializer

(), which are only built

for a version of IFC, which has been a long time standard version, but

currently approaches towards its end of life: IFC2x3. There are also solutions

under active development, e.g. the JOSM plugin "Indoor Helper"

(), which,

however, lack some general approach on the IFC side and coverage of the

heterogeneous options to represent geometry in the IFC schema. With this

research and development we aim to provide a workflow and software to

systematically access floorplan data in IFC.

# Methodology

We start from both ends of integration by looking at the detailed structures of

the source and target models in parallel.

From the group of target models, we derive a common model, which will have, at

best, near-trivial mappings to OSM Indoor, CityGML, IndoorGML. Although not

strictly necessary for the IFC-to-OSM conversion case or any other bilateral

integration, the intermediate model will not only allow to tackle integration

of IFC with multiple targets besides OSM, but also integration of OSM with

multiple sources besides IFC.

Next, we identify relevant information in the source model. IFC exposes a wide

variety of geometry modelling constructions from CAD software, mainly following

the modelling paradigm of constructive solid geometry (CSG). So far, we found

the following principle representation options:

a) Direct floorplan representation in 2.5D: Here we have 2D representations

located in 3D space, usually located at the level of the floor finish for a

particular storey. There are two versions to be distinguished: space

boundaries versus abstract representations of space-defining elements.

b) Extraction from CSG: Spaces (as well as constructive elements) are often

represented as solids resulting from extrusion of a planar shape. If extruded

in z-direction, the base shape can be extracted and used as 2.5-D

representation.

c) Projection onto floor level: If the geometry is not in CSG-form with

extrusions, but in BREP (boundary representation), then projection followed by

a simplification of the projection result is a possible way to extract.

In addition to the geometric elements, there are semantic elements connected to

the geometry that are connected themselves and can be used to charge the

geometric model elements with meaning. Depending on the geometry extraction

method, correlation and consideration of semantic elements is more evident or

complicated - hence possible to different degrees. The paper will discuss these

implications.

After identification of the relevant entities, we are developing a three stage

process for the actual population of target models from IFC.

1. Building model enrichment: Information that can be represented in IFC will

be played back to the building model instead of being promoted to the generic

model only.

2. Building to intermedite model: This essential step is coved with a flexible

rule-based mapping.

3. Intermediate model to target models: Following a careful design of the

generic model, this step should be simple.

We are testing the processes with data from public buildings, two sets of

university campus buildings as well as one newly built municipal administration

centre. From assessment of the original building data, we will also develop

modelling and export guidelines for BIM software. As far as possible, the demo

data will be made available publicly as open data. More important, the

conversion procedures will be published open source and a respective conversion

service will be offered online.

# Discussion

In summary, our work provides practical benefit in terms of tools to support

the mapping process as well as a scientific contribution in terms of spatial

data integration and expert involvement via domain-specific languages.

The practical benefit of the conversion seems obvious: Building owners can

publish data of their publicly accessible spaces to help with volunteer mapping

work. In the future we will also tackle update, checking and comparison with

existing OSM indoor data.

Scientific contributions are also made in different ways: First, an application

scenario for the OGC Indoor Feature Model is provided and - interesting for the

audience of this conference - evaluation of how OSM data fits with the

generalized model. Further, we explore methods for flexible data integration

with domain specialist and expert community involvement. Finally, but beyond

the scope of this conference, the applicability of integration methods for

bidirectional integration with multiple sources and targets via intermediary

formats is evaluated.

about this event: https://2022.stateofthemap.org/sessions/ZUXTN8/

The lack of data on the distribution of the water resources, possess a great challenge for the water resource investment and AI/ML-enabled advancements in the water sector compared to all other sectors like heath. This paper describes the methodology for combining different water mapping schemas to create comprehensive multi-platform water infrastructure data and enhance rapid updates to support a suite of water resource analytics and extended advanced technology explorations towards improved decision-making.

Access to clean and safe drinking water is critical to public health and socioeconomic prosperity, yet an estimated quarter of the world’s population lacks such. This was evidenced by the unprecedented outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which left communities extremely vulnerable to fatal illnesses due to the limited access to water for handwashing or lack of knowledge of the existence of the utility. Subsequently, the lack of data on the distribution of the water resources poses a great challenge to the water resource investment and AI/ML-enabled advancements in the water sector compared to all other sectors like heath. Influencing the frequency of water point data collection through crowdsourcing and volunteered geographic information, would greatly improve the availability of water point data, and contribute to the extended roles of water resource distribution, monitoring, and management especially in rural communities. Therefore, this paper describes the methodology for combining different water mapping schemas to create comprehensive multi-platform water infrastructure data and enhance rapid updates to support a suite of water resource analytics and extended advanced technology explorations towards improved decision-making.

The recent technological advances including the web 2.0, cameras, smartphones and sensor networks continue to empower the development of empirical methods as well as the generation of big data and analytical platforms that provide predictive performance on the various socioeconomic needs for sustainable development. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a crowdsourcing platform which offers a collaborative experience through its database, community, and wiki platforms, to create and update data relevant to support or transform various data deficiencies whether humanitarian or planning. However, the project’s data quality shortcomings often hinder simultaneous data integration with other analytical platforms such as the Water Point Data Exchange (WPdx) that would explicitly maximize the usage and application of these crowdsourced data. Through a project dubbed ‘Water Infrastructure Mapping Uganda’, a data model based upon open mapping methods and survey tools was developed to facilitate the mapping of water infrastructure data points and simultaneous updates of both the WPdx and OSM databases.

The project engaged a comprehensive review of the OSM water tag, rural water infrastructure data standards and the WPdx database to generate a survey data form that supported one-time collection of a water point for both OSM and WPdx databases. Underlying the development of the data model/schema in the overall project, a design criterion was established which guided and justified the overall selection of the most relevant factors to include in the process that would eventually become detailed to communicate water infrastructure and functionality. The criteria were followed by an assessment of the; compliance [agreement of the tag], consistency [temporal and spatial representation of the tag], completeness [attribute description of the tag], and granularity [quality of the event information] of the OSM tag to support the development of the. osm language in the Kobo toolbox.

Gulu district, located in the North of Uganda, was identified as a potential pilot area for improving the approach created by the project based on its rich WPdx footprint as well as a well-established OSM community of YouthMappers. Up to date satellite imagery of up to 50cm spatial resolution was acquired through the USAID GeoCentre to facilitate any visual detection of water points, and the digitization of base map data including, buildings, roads and waterways, to be employed in the field mapping exercise. A field mapping workflow was designed to facilitate the field-data collection employing the developed water infrastructure data model and Kobo toolbox. An API link was developed that simultaneously tapped the open-source field collected data into the WPdx database.

Through the project, more than 15000 buildings, 1400square kilometres of roads and over 500 water data points were added to OSM as well as the WPdx database for the later data. Also, from the project, several observations were made regarding the improvement of such processes and the extension of the data model beyond one geographical area. The developed workflows characterized and provided a general improvement in the water infrastructure data quality especially for OSM based on WASH indicators used to officially report on the sustainable development agenda. The workflow development waivered the interoperability gap in geospatial data sharing platforms which often results from unharmonized data structures. It was established that the designed methodology cannot be applied to water data updates but rather to freshwater point data collection. This would lead to exponential water point data increase, however, the workflow may be revised to include the framework for data updates without having to engage the full field mapping process. As well, the data model design was mainly based on the African water infrastructure and open mapping reviews, hence, the transfer of the data model from one continent to another may require a review of some data factors to create better insights of the water indicators in a place of that given continent.

about this event: https://2022.stateofthemap.org/sessions/JNCVKY/

How much effort does it take to build a Libre bicycle computer? I found out so you don't have to.

Jazda.org is a project I started this year. It combines my 3 favorite things: bicycles, Rust the programming language, and tiny, networkless electronics.

I will introduce you to the concept of a bike computer, and show why building one differs from building your typical gadget.

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2851.html

The CrypTool Team is in the middle of finishing the new edition of the CrypTool-Book at the moment. We added/updated many SageMath Examples, some of which will be shown and also provided for trying them out by yourself.

The CrypTool Book is an Open-Source-Project containing texts from various authors about many topics of cryptography, via LaTeX all in one PDF, together with a lot of SageMath Examples.

In addition, there are instructions on how to try them out in the various software versions of the CrypTool family (including CrypTool 1, CrypTool 2, JCrypTool and CrypToolOnline) for all the methods discussed.

The book has been around since the year 2000. It is available in two languages ​​(English and German), now has over 600 pages and typesetting the file takes between 8 and 30 minutes, depending on the computer. It contains a comprehensive literature section, maths, and a lot of code examples.

We will walk through some of the SageMath Code Examples contained in the book.

We will NOT give an introduction to SageMath, you should have it installed already if you want to try out the examples treated in the talk.

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2808.html

Infrastructure as Code, Continuous Integration und viele weitere Schlagworte sind in aller Leute Munde. Doch wie soll das Umgesetzt werden ?

Der Vortrag gibt eine Übersicht wie Systemkonfiguration mit Puppet für grosse und kleine Umgebungen umgesetzt werden kann.

Der Vortrag gibt einen Überblick und soll helfen Zusammenhänge zu verstehen.

Der Fokus wird auf dem Aufbau und der Architektur einer Puppet Umgebung sein.

Einige Beispiele sollen die erweiterten Möglichkeiten von Puppet aufzeigen.

Vorkentnisse: Keine

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2809.html

Bei der Eisenbahn wird seit ungefähr 150 Jahren Sicherheit (=Safety) gelebt. Seit kurzem kommen diese komischen Nerds und wollen

der Bahn ihre Sicherheit (=Security) beibringen. Das muss ja schiefgehen, oder? Ein hoffentlich sehr unterhaltsamer Überblick über die Bahn und die Herausforderungen der Informationssicherheit bei der Bahn

Die Eisenbahn ist der faszinierendste Verkehrsträger der Welt. Gleichzeitig ist das System Rad-Schiene die ökologischste Form des Transports wenn das Fahrrad nicht mehr ausreicht. Die Politik verlässt sich darauf, dass wir bei der Eisenbahn in den nächsten Jahren viel mehr Güter und Menschen umweltfreundlich an ihr Ziel bringen. Damit das klappt, müssen wir das Schienennetz in Deutschland umfassend digitalisieren, ohne die hohe Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit der Eisenbahn zu riskieren.

Im Vortrag berichte ich aus der Praxis der Informationssicherheit der DB Netz AG, wie wir an der Zukunft des digitalen Schienennetz arbeiten und von 150 Jahren gelebter Fehlerkultur bei der Eisenbahn profitieren um die Zukunft der Bahn sicher zu gestalten.

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2758.html

This talk will cover topics related to providing relevant recommendations to users. We don’t aim to declare one recommendation method as the best but instead highlight different approaches to enriching recommendations by combining machine learning with graph databases.

The methods we evaluate include:

- Matrix Factorization with Graph Embeddings

- Content-based TFIDF

- Cosine Similarity with AQL and User Ratings

The talk will briefly cover the methods and how we generated the distance metrics and provide notebooks that go into further detail. We will show how we integrated these findings into a frontend application for movie recommendations. The talk aims to show how pairing machine learning with graph databases can improve the quality of recommendations and offers some insights into the challenges of productionizing machine learning models.

Topics: Machine Learning, Python, Data science, MLOps, Visualization

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2735.html

Using open source is easy! The great thing about open source is that you can adapt it, apply patches, include your own code snippets, … That is, until you realize that you now have more and more projects to maintain on your own. You need to re-patch new versions, import security patches into your local branch of the software or manually apply updates. In short, you are in maintenance hell.

Using open source is easy! The great thing about open source is that you can adapt it, apply patches, include your own code snippets, … That is, until you realize that you now have more and more projects to maintain on your own. You need to re-patch new versions, import security patches into your local branch of the software or manually apply updates. In short, you are in maintenance hell.

In this session, we will go through a few arguments for avoiding this maintenance nightmare. What can you do to minimize the constant time you have to spend on adopted software projects, how can you compromise if you need patches after all and (always important) how can you convince your managers that sometimes spending a bit more time right now is what you should do.

Topics

- Problems you see when maintaining custom patches

- Upstream first: Getting your patches upstream and apply them with the next regular update

- Arguments for management: Why it's better and cheaper

- But what if I need to patch anyway? Techniques for slowly reducing local patches anyway

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2783.html

Tips und Best-Practises für PostgreSQL Administration und Betrieb für Leute deren Job eigentlich ein anderer ist.

PostgreSQL ist die fortschrittlichste Relationale Open Source Datenbank. Es bietet eine große Anzahl an Features und ist dabei für die meisten Workloads relativ einfach zu managen, vor allem wenn ein Managed Service verwendet wird. Wenn allerdings kein DBA vorhanden ist muss trotzdem jemand nach den Postgres Servern oder Services schauen; andernfalls wird die Performance irgendwann einbrechen oder irgendwelche Limits/Fehler auftauchen.

Dieser Vortrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über PostgreSQL, welche minimalen anfänglichen Tuning-Maßnahmen ergriffen werden sollten und was die aktuellen Limits für einen hauptsächlich unüberwachten Betrieb sind. Er wird auch einige Best-Practices für Installation und Konfiguration aufzeigen und potenzielle Fallstricke aufzeigen, die man Vermeiden sollte.

Er ist für System-AdministratorInnen, DevOps-Engineers oder Software-EntwicklerInnen gedacht, deren primäre Rolle nicht Datenbank-Management ist, die sich aber aus dem einen oder anderen Grund mit dem Betrieb von PostgreSQL-Instanzen befassen müssen.

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2787.html

Einfaches, effizientes und schnelles Monitoring mit Open Source – das auch noch Spaß macht

Beim Thema Monitoring haben die meisten gleich Nagios im Kopf, zusammen mit eingestaubten Konfigurationsdateien und der Unlust das irgendwie anpacken zu müssen.

Bei openITCOCKPIT erfolgt die Konfiguration ausschließlich über die Weboberfläche, kann aber auch automatisiert über die API abgewickelt werden.

Mit dem plattformunabhängigen openITCOCKPIT Monitoring Agenten ist das Basis-Monitoring in weniger als 2 Minuten eingerichtet. Die Kommunikation ist selbstverständlich verschlüsselt und danke Pull oder Push Modus lässt sich jedes System abfragen.

Ein Monitoring-System besteht heutzutage aus vielen Komponenten wie Datenbanken, Grafana, Visualisierung usw. openITCOCKPIT übernimmt die Verwaltung aller benötigten Tools und ist gleichzeig 100% kompatibel zu Nagios. Vor Updates braucht man also keine Angst mehr zu haben. Somit liegt der Fokus für den Anwender beim Monitoring.

openITCOCKPIT steht für Debian und Ubuntu als amd64 und arm64 Pakete zur Verfügung.

Freiwillige vor! Gerne überwache ich wären der Demo euer Notebook (Linux, macOS oder Windows).

about this event: https://programm.froscon.org/2022/events/2773.html