This is the third episode of the series on Acids, Bases and Salts. In this episode, we discuss the properties of acids and bases.
Properties of Acids
Physical Properties:
Sour in taste.
Highly corrosive.
Chemical Properties:Acid (Dil.) + Active Metals*
2HCl (Dil.) + Mg = MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Salt + H2 (*Active Metals – MAZFE – Magnesium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron)
o Metallic (Bi)Carbonates + Acid (Dil.) Metallic Salt + CO2 + H2O
* Na2CO3 + HCl (Dil.) NaCl + H2O + CO2
* NaHCO3 + HCl (Dil.) NaCl + H2O + CO2
o Metallic (Bi)Sulphites + Acid (Dil.) Metallic Salt + SO2 + H2O
* Na2SO3 + HCl (Dil.) NaCl + H2O + SO2
* NaHSO3 + HCl (Dil.) NaCl + H2O + SO2
o Metallic Sulphides + Acid (Dil.) Metallic Salt + H2S (Rotten Egg Smell) o FeS + HCl FeCl2 + H2S (Rotten Egg Smell)
Properties of Bases
Neutralization: Acid + Base = Salt + Water
HCl+NaOH = NaCl+H2Oo Ammonium Salts + Alkali = Salt + Ammonia + Water
NH4Cl + NaOH = NaCl + NH3 + H2O
Reaction of alkalis with metal salt solutions:
* CuSO4 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Pale blue ppt
* ZnSO4 +2NaOH = Zn(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Gelatinous white ppt
* Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O
* Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH = Pb(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
Chalky white ppt
* Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH = Na2PbO2 + 2H2O
* FeSO4 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Dirty green ppt
* FeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Reddish brown ppt
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