On October 3, Archbishop Mikael Ajapahyan was sentenced to two years in prison under the Criminal Code for “making public calls aimed at seizing power, violating territorial integrity, or overthrowing the constitutional order, using publicly displayed works, mass media, or information and communication technologies.”
The charge is based on an interview he gave more than a year ago, in which the cleric spoke about the “need for a coup.” At that time, however, the Prosecutor General’s Office had reviewed the same statements and found no grounds for criminal proceedings. In response to a request from the “Union of Informed Citizens” NGO, the Prosecutor General’s Office wrote on April 30, 2024:
“In accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Armenia, it has already been recorded that the circumstances described in your report do not substantiate any act, action, or omission that could reasonably be given an initial legal qualification corresponding to any offense defined by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia.”
The prosecution now justifies opening the case by claiming that Ajapahyan repeated the same statement in June 2025.
Human rights defender Zaruhi Hovhannisyan refuted this reasoning in an interview with Medialab, saying:
“From a legal standpoint, it is impossible for the same act to be considered non-criminal in one case and criminal in another. A person cannot now be sentenced to imprisonment for an action that was previously not regarded as a crime.”
Similarly, Anna Melikyan, legal expert at the Protection of Rights Without Borders NGO, in written comments to Democracy Watch, pointed to serious legal shortcomings in the case. She noted that although the Archbishop was charged for repeated calls made over a protracted timeline, the Prosecutor’s Office failed to demonstrate that those calls posed any real risk of violence or that any harmful actions followed them. According to Melikyan, this absence of demonstrable harm undermines the case’s legal foundation.