The Apostle Paul had friends in Corinth, and there happened to be some unfriendly folks in Corinth. In order to understand his salutation at the end of 1 Corinthians one must first understand a little about the history of his relationship with this church. Along with Timothy and Silas, Paul had planted the church as recorded in Acts chapter 18. After Paul, Apollos had taken on the job of teaching the Corinthians the ways of the Kingdom. But Paul, while ministering in Ephesus, received some startling and disturbing news - the church of Corinth was in great difficulty, not from without but from within. They were factious, dividing along party lines drawn between Paul and Apollos, they were condoning sexual immorality, neglecting the poor, and suing one another over contentious issues. In others words, the church was a mess.
1 Corinthians is the letter that Paul wrote to try to correct the problems. It is a rather terse and forceful letter, where Paul in his typical style, lays down some guidelines in strict but loving ways, reminding them of their need to act lovingly above all else. His salutation hints at the strained relationship between him and the congregation in Corinth. He sends Timothy but wants to make sure he is treated fairly and that he comes back to him in peace (perhaps read that "in one piece"). He tells them he has asked Apollos to go to visit them, but Apollos has declined. Reading between the lines; who would want to insert themselves into that kind of heated partisan atmosphere?
Paul sends greetings from the churches in Asia, from his friends Aquilla and Prisca and the church meeting in their house, and all the brothers with Paul. He then inserts a strange comment that curses those in the church who do not love the Lord and calls for the Lord's soon return: Anathema and Maranatha. Several scholars believe that he is quoting a very early liturgy that was used during the communion services. In 1 Cor. 11:27-32 Paul warns about the danger of participating in the Lord's Supper hypocritically. This may have been an expression the early church used to warn of hypocrisy. Maranatha is a fitting sentiment for the communion service because it simply means "Come, O Lord."
From this text we learn a number of things about friendship:
1. Friends Can Become Estranged
2. Friends Protect Friends
3. Friends Can Talk Straight to Friends
4. Estranged Friends Can Be Reconciled
5. Grace is Required