CME

Host: Eric Merrell, MD

Guest: Syed Shahzad Mustafa, MD

Guest: Glenn Schneider, MD

Part of the educational program Bridging Specialties®: Timely Diagnosis and Treatment for Refractory Chronic Cough, this activity explores emerging scientific insights and therapeutic advances shaping the management of refractory chronic cough (RCC). Despite appropriate evaluation and treatment of common etiologies, many patients continue to experience persistent cough consistent with cough hypersensitivity syndrome. Advances in understanding ATP–P2X3 signaling and neural mechanisms have reshaped the conceptual framework for RCC and informed the development of emerging therapies. This activity reviews the neurobiology of cough hypersensitivity, current management gaps, and the evolving therapeutic landscape. Clinicians will gain insight into mechanism-based care strategies and patient-centered counseling considerations in RCC management.

Host: Jamie P. Dwyer, MD

Guest: J. Matthew Luther, MD, MSCI

Guest: Vivek Bhalla, MD

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and high blood pressure (BP) are closely linked and, when not managed appropriately, can lead to serious outcomes such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and progression to kidney failure. Pathological excess of aldosterone induces hypertension by forcing the kidneys to excessively retain sodium and water, increasing blood volume, and lowering potassium. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), which target the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), do not fully inhibit the deleterious effects of aldosterone and may increase serum aldosterone concentrations. Highly selective aldosterone synthase inhibitors (ASIs) have emerged as potential alternatives to MRAs; ASIs decrease aldosterone synthesis, providing another strategy to inhibit aldosterone effects without affecting cortisol production.

Want to dive deeper into the discussion? Check out Audience Q&A From the Live Symposium in the Related Content section for additional expert insights and practical perspectives on CKD, hypertension, and emerging aldosterone-targeted therapies.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.

Faculty: Tracy Hicks, DNP, MBA

Faculty: Melissa Moody, MD

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) remains significantly underdiagnosed and mismanaged despite clear guidelines. Early symptoms are often misattributed and standardized assessment tools go unused, leading to delayed detection and treatment. This ultimately contributes to substantial patient burden and is worsened by inequities in access to care, particularly among high-risk and underserved populations. Although VMAT2 inhibitors are recommended as first-line treatments, clinicians need practical guidance on individualized selection and use in complex cases. This series addresses these challenges by emphasizing standardized screening, improved diagnostic differentiation, more equitable care pathways, and evidence-based, patient-centered treatment strategies.

*Please stay tuned for additional content to this activity available for credit. The maximum amount of credit(s) available for the entire activity is 1.00.