The pathways that we discussed in the last episode result in subconscious actions that result in changes in the eye that assist in vision. These reflexes can be examined physically to look for signs of neuropathology.

Now we move on to the fibres that lead the transduction of light to sensory information towards the brain.

Today; we move forward to talk about what is probably the most important of the senses.

In this short episode, we talk about the vestibular system and the fascinating mechanisms within, that help us achieve balance and posture.

Today, we move on to discuss the systems involved in the transduction of auditory information and then transmission into the brain.

After supplying blood to the brain, the venous system takes blood straight back into the circulation; which is discussed in today's episode.

Continuing on, we move further towards the cortical areas of the brain and discuss the functional deficits of the brain in strokes.

When certain sections of the blood supply are affected, various parts of the brain are variably affected. We discuss here the vasculature of the brainstem first, and then the functions they affect.

A very happy new year to everyone! We kick off this year with a discussion with Aleksandar Misev; who has graduated from Med School last year about his elective placement in Ecuador. We hope you like it.

Now we brush up on the remainder of the Cranial Nerves, with a wide array of functions throughout the body.