Conspiracy Theoryology

Ep. 25 - Finland Doesn't Exist

In the Cold War era, Japan and the Soviet Union supposedly shared a secret about a stretch of the Baltic Sea between the Soviet Union and Sweden. Around the mid-20th century, the two nations collectively spread the idea that there was a landmass known as Finland on that stretch of ocean, to keep the good fishing between themselves. The Japanese were free to fish as much as they liked there without worrying about international laws, so long as they give a share to Russia. The company of Nokia is actually owned by the Japanese and is used to hide the shipments  from this secret fishing industry in the guise of hardware. To get all this food across the continent, the trans-Siberian railway was built for this express purpose.

This is the conspiracy theory that surfaced in 2015 on an unassuming Reddit thread. Not long following, it went viral, traveling across social media and taking on a life of it's own. The fallout was fast and fierce. While many responded jokingly or dismissively, some responses were highly critical, and even outright insulting. Understandably, some Finnish users within Reddit were offended that such a claim was gaining traction. And traction it saw. Spreading across social media sites such as Tumbler and 4chan.

The question remains, what made this amusing conspiracy theory resonate so well with the public? Why did it capture our imagination, inspire discussion and spur debate? Is it due to some internet "law" that speaks to parody and sarcasm, or is it rooted in something more substantial in literature, like the concept of satire? Why does it speak to us? We try to tackle this issue on this episode of Conspiracy Theoryology.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

http://yourbrainonfacts.com/

http://turnofphrases.com/

https://explorefinlandpodcast.com/

https://truecrimefinland.squarespace.com/

https://inktank.fi/podcasts/

https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/xyd48w/this-dude-accidentally-convinced-the-internet-that-finland-doesnt-exist

https://theculturetrip.com/europe/finland/articles/does-finland-exist-many-dont-think-so/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe%27s_law

https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/2qjohv/what_did_your_parents_show_you_to_do_that_you/cn6pn30/?context=8&depth=9

https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=362104126089102077125098103024071124050050034063008064066127015031027097112117071089098124053005104010109116078101117081119071104015058046044076005011115077027011064090081060009019103123026083118095091029113076094006066024126126099098024124026086119091&EXT=pdf

https://www.reddit.com/r/finlandConspiracy/comments/2y0oog/the_finland_conspiracy_and_all_you_need_to_know/

http://www.bodahub.com/does-finland-exist-conspiracy-theory/

http://www.stat.fi/tup/satavuotias-suomi/suomi-maailman-karjessa_en.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/12/safe-happy-and-free-does-finland-have-all-the-answers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire

https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.bing.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1065&context=srhonorsprog

https://thetowerphs.com/2015/12/arts-and-entertainment/satire-influencing-audiences-through-emotional-appeal/

https://theculturetrip.com/europe/finland/articles/podcasts-to-help-you-understand-finland/

Ep. 24 - Sleep Paralysis

Why talk about sleep paralysis? Isn’t it usually just an explanation in itself for strange phenomenon?

Actually, it’s not a definitive answer to all night time visions and experiences. Blaming sleep paralysis is simply blaming a physiological function as a means of dismissing strange experiences. Yet, it has become the go-to explanation, and we are eager to accept it as the reason for any sort of frightening tales of experience that remotely include aspects associated with this poorly understood physical response.

These experiences run the gamut. Sleep paralysis is now the primary accepted explanation for the night time visitation from demons, witches, ghosts and shadow people, alien visitation and abduction, even spiritual and out-of-body experiences.

So again, we are left with a phenomenon that would come up again and again in topics of the paranormal and supernatural, but itself is really just as mysterious. Just as fascinating in itself. Which means there is probably some theoryology behind it. Well, let’s try to understand sleep paralysis better.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dream-factory/201409/sleep-paralysis

https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-22/edition-8/terror-night

https://www.livescience.com/61123-sleep-paralysis-stress-supernatural.html

https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/what-predicts-distress-after-episodes-of-sleep-paralysis.html

https://theconversation.com/understanding-sleep-paralysis-a-terrifying-but-unique-state-of-consciousness-48509

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-wise-brain/201601/what-makes-you-feel-threatened

https://www.luciddreamsociety.com/sleep-paralysis-stories/

https://www.nosleeplessnights.com/sleep-paralysis-stories-intruder-demon-or-delusion/

https://esotericscience.org/article12b.htm

https://thriveglobal.com/stories/the-neuroscience-of-sleep-paralysis/

http://behdad.org/mirror/www.braindecoder.com/neuroscience-of-sleep-paralysis-1113306867.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explanatory_gap

https://bigthink.com/neurobonkers/the-seductive-allure-of-the-seductive-allure-of-the-seductive-allure-of-neuroscience-explanations

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/neuroskeptic/2009/01/06/critiquing-a-classic-the-seductive-allure-of-neuroscience-explanations/#.XK7UVphKhPa

http://sleepingresources.com/scary-sleep-paralysis-stories-waking-up-in-a-nightmare/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductionism

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5002400/

Podswap - Burst Your Bubble Podcast

A wonderful episode swapping project coordinated by the lovely and talented host and creator Moxie at Your Brain on Facts. Inspired by the days of comic strip artists swapping characters, this operation is meant to introduce new podcasts, not only to you the listener, but us as well, that we think our listeners will find interesting and enjoyable.

Today, I have to pleasure of bringing you the 50th episode of the Burst Your Bubble podcast, with host Morgan Jaffe. Just like you and I do here at Conspiracy Theoryology, Morgan takes an idea and breaks it down in ways that we might not consider. Finding themes in pop culture, television or film, she dissects the -isms and phobias that are often hidden, or not so hidden within the media. Whether you agree or disagree, Morgan is going to guide you through ideas and perspectives that you may never have considered, peering through a media literacy lens, with a dash of history in the mix.

Morgan is fun and insightful, and frankly, just fun to listen to. I recommend that you jump over to BurstYourBubblePodcast.com to check out more about the show, and don’t be afraid to subscribe and add the show to your listening repertoire. And don’t worry, I’ll be back next week with another episode of Conspiracy Theoryology. I’ll see you then.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Episode 23 - Spontaneous Human Combustion

This phenomenon, also known as SHC, probably because it gets old saying the full term pretty quickly in a long conversation, goes back hundreds of years and still befuddles investigators in cases today. This isn’t really a tale of the supernatural, although it certainly gives that vibe. It’s certainly paranormal in the very literal sense of being out-of-the ordinary. The term is used in different ways; By investigators and coroners as a means to close a case and ascribe a lack of explanation as a conclusion; By survivors as a means of giving cause to an otherwise unexplained loss; By story tellers as a means of warning against behaviors and lifestyle.

Ultimately it’s a phenomenon that’s captures our imagination because spontaneous human combustion hits on so many elements of fear and expectations.

The best way to talk about SHC is to hear the stories and think about their elements. Only after you get a feel for the stories can we look into look into some possible psychological basis for our fascination. 

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_human_combustion

https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/8200790/spontaneous-human-combustion-real-burns-incendiary-bomb-scientist-claims/

http://www.science-rumors.com/top-10-real-spontaneous-human-combustion-stories-in-the-history/

http://anomalyinfo.com/?q=Topics/spontaneous-human-combustion-reports-chronological-order

http://www.newser.com/story/129338/dead-man-spontaneously-combusted-coroner.html

https://www.thoughtco.com/likelihood-of-scary-things-4151051

https://psychcentral.com/blog/catastrophic-thinking-when-your-mind-clings-to-worst-case-scenarios/

http://www.harleytherapy.co.uk/counselling/cognitive-distortions.htm

https://www.harleytherapy.co.uk/counselling/catastrophizing-always-assuming-the-worse-heres-why-you-should-stop.htm

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sapient-nature/201310/how-negative-is-your-mental-chatter

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228818558_Overweighting_of_Small_Probabilities

https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2012/12/how-to-avoid-spontaneously-combusting.html

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/conquer-fear-flying/201512/fear-can-make-you-believe-the-worst-will-happen-how

https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2015/10/engulfed-in-blue-flames-when-spontaneous-human-combustion-strikes/

https://www.cremationresource.org/cremation/how-is-a-body-cremated.html

Episode 22 - The Food Pyramid

Howdy Theoryologists. Let’s talk about the infamous USDA Food Pyramid. Think back to when you first saw it? That pyramid poster on the wall. When do you remember seeing it? Grade school? On TV? When was that? How old is that colorfully pyramid shaped stack of food?

Regardless, that now infamous visual was meant to convey, in summary, the recommended dietary guidelines as outlined by the US Department of Agriculture. The food pyramid was controversial from it’s very introduction. Backed by research, then influenced by agriculture lobbyists, the graphic (and many of the recommended guidelines behind it) were heavily criticized for vague categorization of some food types, ambiguous and undefined serving recommendations, and the blatant politicizing and alteration of the nutrition science of the time. Criticism notwithstanding, it was rolled out with a huge marketing campaign, and food pyramid posters appeared in school cafeterias and public clinics throughout the country. The guidelines drive planning for multiple USDA managed food programs, and the impact has been felt since. In fact, it’s very shape has played a part in its influence. So influential this graphic became and so pronounced the criticism for it, that although it’s been replaced with something not triangular in shape, the term “food pyramid” has become synonymous with the entirety of the history that is the USDA Nutrition Guidelines, and has even created a bit of a Mandela effect.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/09/invented-food-pyramid/

https://www.ditchthecarbs.com/why/food-pyramids/

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/magazine/what-if-it-s-all-been-a-big-fat-lie.html

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/healthy-eating-pyramid/

https://www.manufacturing.net/blog/2015/05/history-usda-nutrition-guides

https://www.healthline.com/health/history-food-pyramid#1

https://www.healthyway.com/content/how-did-the-government-get-the-food-pyramid-so-terribly-wrong/

https://www.honeycolony.com/article/food-pyramid-rebuilt-my-plate/

https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/an-epidemic-of-obesity/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_USDA_nutrition_guides

http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Greene/problems.htm

https://www.verywellfamily.com/the-food-pyramid-and-child-nutrition-2633612

https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/usda-nutrition-assistance-programs

https://www.sweetspot.com/en/2014/05/20/focus-visualizations-funnel-charts/

https://visme.co/blog/geometric-meanings/

https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/psychological-meaning-shapes-use

https://www.creativebloq.com/logo-design/psychology-logo-shapes-8133918

http://www.whale.to/a/light_h.html

Episode 21 - Pseudo-Skepticism

Howdy Theoryologists. Today we are discussing the broad brush stroke term “skepticism”, and specifically the misuse and mislabeling of a falsely skeptical approach that hides an objective of debunking. See, underlying any topic we have had, or might have in the future on Conspiracy Theoryology, is the skeptical perspective. That point of view which says “I’m not just taking this at face value,” and rightly so. There would be no such thing as a conspiracy theory, or alternative belief, if things always were, or they weren’t, in our minds. In fact, there wouldn’t be much of anything if we never questioned the truth of what we know at that moment. There’d be no advancement. No discovery. No need for proof. Fortunately, that’s not the case. Skepticism is quite popular. It’s even trendy to consider yourself a skeptic. This is why I decided it needed its own devoted episode, otherwise it just goes piecemeal into every episode, and never adequately.

Skepticism is a part of our everyday lives, and something that most would consider pretty healthy. No one would debate the need to be a bit skeptical of the safety railing at a scenic lookout along a mountain path, or the need to be skeptical of the expiration date before taking a gulp of milk from the carton in the refrigerator when you aren’t sure how long it’s been there. Yeah, skepticism is healthy, but that’s not where skepticism causes an issue. In fact, it’s rarely called skepticism. That’s just safety consciousness, or good sense. No, skepticism has become an almost professional moniker for those that question beliefs, theories and experiences that fly in the face of mainstream accepted reality, as well as those that call into question our understanding of the world and how we live and interact. Skepticism, as a way of thinking, and "Skeptic" as a title, has been appropriated almost exclusively by those that ascribe to a mainstream position of scientific skeptical inquiry.

In reality, though, skepticism has an identity crisis.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://www.theepochtimes.com/what-is-unhealthy-skepticism_603148.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoskepticism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello_Truzzi

http://amasci.com/pathsk2.html

https://atlantisrisingmagazine.com/article/pathological-skepticism/

https://scottbarrykaufman.com/podcast/science-skepticism-michael-shermer/

https://www.csicop.org/si/show/proper_criticism

https://www.wordonfire.org/resources/blog/3-simple-ways-to-debunk-relativism-skepticism-and-materialism/4747/

https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_mindcon57.htm

https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_mindcon57.htm#A_Modern_History_of_Debunkery_

https://debunkingdenialism.com/scientific-skepticism/

https://www.energypsych.org/page/Debunking_article

https://theethicalskeptic.com/2014/04/14/the-appeal-to-skepticism-fallacy/

https://files.turri.org/research/Appeal.pdf

http://ilj.law.indiana.edu/articles/15-Zamir-Ritov-Teichman.pdf

https://john.turri.org/about

Episode 20 - Flat Earth Theory (Part 3)

Howdy Theoryologists. This time we will really pull together the reason for first exploring the concepts of belief and perception. I knew we would need to have a good context of those idea before we jumped into the evolution of flat earth theory. Our discussions previously have approached Flat Earth as a proposed idea. Really a hypothesis to be tested and proven. But of course, we like to talk conspiracy, and yes, flat earth has it’s conspiracies.  

In one sense, the conspiracy is that of cover up. An effort to hide the truth. In another sense, it’s the idea of a flat earth itself that is the conspiracy, or at least a means of conveying the conspiracy. The idea that reality contradicts perceived reality. That the natural laws that govern the way we understand the world are there to hide a true reality. Perhaps even programmed to deceive. Finally, there is the conspiracy of collective consensus. The idea that the scientific community, and even the general population, simply dismisses flat earth because it is a threat to the reality we’ve made for ourselves, and feel comfortable in.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depersonalization_disorder

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depersonalization

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derealization

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1GCjggflEU

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-search-self/201610/depersonalization-philosophical-awareness

https://psychcentral.com/lib/is-depersonalization-disorder-a-form-of-enlightenment/

https://futurism.com/the-history-of-the-voyager-program-2

https://medium.com/starts-with-a-bang/ask-ethan-what-does-the-edge-of-the-universe-look-like-3d7121a59a30

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/oct/11/simulated-world-elon-musk-the-matrix

https://phys.org/news/2017-01-reveals-substantial-evidence-holographic-universe.html

https://phys.org/news/2015-04-universe-hologram.html

https://www.simulation-argument.com/simulation.pdf

Episode 19 - Flat Earth Theory (Part 2)

Howdy Theoryologists. Let’s continue our discussion on Flat Earth Theory. In part 1, we focused on the history of modern flat earth theory, it’s introduction in the mid-nineteenth century, and the contemporary philosophical musings at the time, which were opening up new thought on reality and existence. In our theoryology discussion we explored the beginnings of existential thought being introduced by Soren Kierkegaard, and dove into the psychology of perceptual constancy, which should make us all question our certainty about the “reality” of the world around us as we perceive it to be.

So, we’ve covered perception, and the wiggle room that can give when observing the world around us. But perception only gives us a piece of the puzzle. It gives us the data from observation. It tells us what we see and how things appear. What is does not do, however, is explain how that turns into something we understand to be true. That’s where belief comes in.   

Defining belief is a difficult task, and it’s a term that is used in a multitude of ways depending upon context. The term is used to identify psychological phenomenon in conscious thought. It’s used in philosophical discussion to explore the study of knowledge. Beliefs are categorized with qualifiers such as core beliefs and dispositional beliefs. They are separated into groups of epistemological beliefs and religious beliefs. Even the formation of belief is a topic of discussion. All that said, we aren’t going to drill into every nook and cranny of the study of belief, but we do need to understand it superficially in order to discuss Flat Earth Theory. For our purposes, belief can be viewed rather simply. Beliefs are often formed by creating compelling explanations for why something is true.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://alanzosblog.com/beliefs-vs-facts/

https://www.sciencealert.com/one-third-millennials-believe-flat-earth-conspiracy-statistics-yougov-debunk

http://socialpsychonline.com/2016/11/belief-perseverance/

https://bigthink.com/stephen-johnson/understanding-the-really-ridiculous-core-tenets-of-the-flat-earth-hypothesis

https://www.theclinicondupont.com/the-neuroscience-of-core-beliefs/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/enlightened-living/200808/core-truths-core-beliefs-and-obstacles-progress-pt-2

https://www.thealignedlife.co/question-your-reality/

https://spencerinstitute.com/beliefs-and-opinions-vs-facts-and-evidence-a-coaching-perspective-and-solution/

https://www.quora.com/At-what-altitude-do-you-see-the-curvature-of-the-Earth

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/psych-unseen/201702/flat-earthers-belief-skepticism-and-denialism

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/tgen/painting-tree-trunks-white.htm

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/when-continental-drift-was-considered-pseudoscience-90353214/

Episode 18 - Flat Earth Theory (Part 1)

This is the theory to end all theories. Flat earth posits that our understanding of earth as a heliocentric globe is, at best, a misguided and faulty understanding of the physical nature of our world. At worst, a concerted effort to propagate a lie, contrary to our observation and perceptions of the world around us.

In this first part of our three part series, it will be helpful to understand the history surrounding the modern origins of flat earth theory. Not just of those that developed and promoted the ideas, but of the current state of thinking contemporary at the time. The 19th century was a time of change, thought, new ideas, and reformations throughout much of the world. Ingrained  psychology plays it’s part as well, as usual in our discussions. Notably, the philosophical movements of the time paved the way for openness to new perceptions of reality and existence.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absurdism

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/have-you-ever-wondered/201503/the-blueblack-whitegold-dress-questioning-reality?amp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_Earth#cite_note-144

https://theflatearthsociety.org/home/index.php/featured/Flat-Earth-Historical-Figures-People

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_socialism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Owen

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/compassion-matters/201601/can-you-trust-your-own-perceptions?amp

http://www.sacred-texts.com/earth/za/

https://thecreative.cafe/the-paradox-of-absurdity-13543b76d0da

Episode 17 - The War On Christmas

In 2005 a War On Christmas resurfaced, and took the News Media by storm. Seemingly driven by political correctness, or the frustration thereof, many have drawn political lines seeing the omission of the term “Christmas” in holiday greetings as an assault on the conservative Christian aspects of this holiday season, while other observances, such as Hanukkah and Kwanza are apparently left unscathed. While Christmas, as most of us would recognize it, is a rather modern rendition, the evolution of the Christmas holiday and, in fact the festive observance of the winter season entirely, goes back millenia. Theories abound about the specific religious underpinnings of Christmas, as well as origins of many traditions and iconography of the season. And history shows us that Christmas has been under attack for a long time. In fact, Christmas as we know it, may very well be a conspired invention itself to replace the untamed observance that preceded it.

Ultimately, we celebrate Christmas and the holiday season as we, individually have always observed it, and we do find any attempt to change our perspective extremely upsetting. Well, there seems to be some psychology behind Christmas that might just explain it.

www.conspiracytheoryology.com

email - [email protected]

Twitter - @TheoryologyPod

Facebook - @TheoryologyPodcast

Patreon - www.patreon.com/conspiracytheoryology

Music is by adamhenrygarcia.bandcamp.com

Links:

https://www.libertarianism.org/media/liberty-chronicles/christmas-conspiracy

https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/War_on_Christmas

https://medium.com/crobox/the-psychology-of-christmas-a3fbccd93197

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_controversies

https://skeptoid.com/blog/2013/12/19/when-did-christmas-become-so-commercial/

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/us/war-on-christmas-controversy.html

https://www.influenceatwork.com/dr-robert-cialdini-on-the-principle-of-reciprocity/

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/319/5870/1687

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1251931?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0148296304002000?via%3Dihub

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ulterior-motives/201311/what-does-nostalgia-do

http://www.directcreative.com/influence-and-persuasion-the-rule-of-consistency.html

http://www.emotionlab.se/mechanisms-of-social-avoidance-learning-can-explain-the-emergence-of-adaptive-and-arbitrary-behavioral-traditions-in-humans-3/

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/opinion/the-puritan-war-on-christmas.html

https://erenow.com/common/the-battle-for-christmas/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby,_It%27s_Cold_Outside

http://www.apuritansmind.com/puritan-worship/christmas-and-the-regulative-principle/once-upon-a-time-when-christmas-was-banned-by-c-danko/