From the Orthodox Church Fathers' teachings, fasting is much deeper than just abstaining from certain foods.
Here's their understanding:
- St. John Chrysostom emphasizes that true fasting begins with the mouth - controlling not just food, but also harmful speech
- St. Basil the Great teaches that fasting must be accompanied by spiritual efforts: "Fasting with the body while continuing to sin is like flying with one wing"
- St. John Cassian warns against pride in fasting, teaching that vainglory can destroy its spiritual benefits
- St. Gregory Palamas teaches that authentic fasting involves all senses:
- Eyes: Fast from impure looks and unnecessary entertainment
- Ears: Abstain from gossip and idle talk
- Tongue: Refrain from judging others and speaking evil
- Hands: Cease from harmful actions
- Mind: Control thoughts and desires
- St. Isaac the Syrian explains that fasting is not meant to punish the body but to:
- Subdue passions
- Clear the mind for prayer
- Cultivate humility
- Remember the poor
- Practice self-control
- St. John Chrysostom emphasizes that money saved from fasting should be given to the poor:
"The fast should be kept not by the mouth alone but also by the eye, the ear, the feet, the hands and all the members of the body"