Costing in healthcare refers to the economic evaluation of healthcare expenses, including labour, supplies, equipment, and infrastructure. It helps in resource allocation, service pricing, and identifying cost-saving opportunities.

On the other hand, Value-Based Healthcare is a system where providers are paid based on the quality and efficiency of care they provide rather than the volume. It aims to achieve the best possible health outcomes at the lowest cost.

Integrating both principles leads to a healthcare system focusing on improving patient outcomes while managing costs effectively.

Corporatisation transforms state-owned assets or government agencies into corporate entities. It aims to increase efficiency and productivity by introducing corporate management structures and performance measures. While often seen as a step towards full privatisation, the government may maintain control after corporatisation. It's a contested topic with debates around efficiency gains versus the potential loss of public service focus.