CrashCourse

Way back in the 1930s, Alan Turing gave us a glimpse of the power of computers with a hypothetical machine that, he said, could solve any computable problem. But that was nonsense…right?

Well thanks to recursive progress, maybe not. In this episode, we’ll explore how humans (and computers) make progress, and try to find out just how powerful AI could become.

About This Series:
AI is changing FAST so rather than doing a full Crash Course series of 12+ episodes, we’ve prepared a mini-series of just the basics. Crash Course will never tell you what to think and we’re not the type of organization that responds to breaking news in real time. Instead, we’re here to offer a zoomed-out foundation upon which to base your own opinions as you continue to learn from other outlets about the world that’s changing around us.

Crash Course: Futures of AI will cover:
-What even is AI? What’s the history of this thing and how quickly has it evolved to what exists today?
-How could AI transform society? Will AI cause the next Industrial Revolution, and what might that mean for workers and the environment?
-How powerful could AI become? How do we measure the progression of AI? What are the consequences we’re already seeing, and what might be the future consequences of unchecked AI development?
-How might powerful AI cause harm? We’ll touch on copyright infringement, misinformation, surveillance, authoritarianism, and (unfortunately,) more.
-How could AI be governed? What are the potential approaches for controlling AI both nationally and internationally?

P.S. Wondering if we used AI to create this series? Nope! Every Complexly video is lovingly, painstakingly human-made.

Intro 00:00
Chapter 1: Progress is recursive 00:57
Chapter 2: Google AlphaEvolve 02:08
Chapter 3: Superintelligence 06:58
Chapter 4: How close are we to superintelligence /actually/? 9:53
Conclusion 11:50

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/16br0e73KFVD5qu-VEBV40yQTpBiX0l65EgWQ6Q7Fz-k/edit?usp=sharing

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, EllenBryn, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, SpaceRangerWes, Chelsea S, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Katie Hoban, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Bernardo Garza, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder
__

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Hank makes mistakes.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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How do you honor the memory of something… that you don’t fully remember? In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll explore how writers who grew up in the shadow of dictatorships, civil war, and armed conflicts wrestle with the memory of violence, and the challenges of memory itself.

Introduction: Being a Kid 00:00
Literatura de los Hijos 0:54
"Formas de volver a casa" 1:51
Félix Bruzzone 4:18
"Roza, tumba, quema" 5:57
"La sangre de la aurora" 8:21
Review & Credits 10:47

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0
To learn more, check out these videos:

Geopolitical history of Latin America: War and Nation Building in Latin America: Crash Course World History 225 https://youtu.be/v6xi8_7Fy6Y?si=paRg7m_G3tMAX4vW , Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31 https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=P4HnEqr1_rEP2YGv

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, EllenBryn, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, SpaceRangerWes, Chelsea S, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Katie Hoban, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Bernardo Garza, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder
__

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social

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In this episode of Crash Course Psychology, Hank has trouble saying the words and posits a world in which he can be hypnotized to forget things just so he can enjoy them all over again.

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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In which John Green teaches you, at long last, about the most exceptional bunch of empire-building nomads in the history of the world, the Mongols! How did the Mongols go from being a relatively small band of herders who occasionally engaged in some light hunting-gathering to being one of the most formidable fighting forces in the world? It turns out Genghis Khan was a pretty big part of it, but you probably already knew that. The more interesting questions might be, what kind of rulers were they, and what effect did their empire have on the world we know today? Find out, as John FINALLY teaches you about the Mongols.

Chapters:
Introduction: Wait for it...The Mongols! 00:00
What does it mean to be a nomad? 1:13
Genghis Khan 2:39
An Open Letter to Genghis Khan's Descendants 4:45
The Mongols After Genghis Khan 5:30
Five Reasons the Mongols Were Awesome 6:54
Five Reasons the Mongols Weren't Awesome 8:30
Credits 10:34

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/

CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

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Could a robot dedicated to a good cause end up destroying the world? Well, maybe. In this episode, we explore how powerful AI could end up causing us harm, regardless of what it’s programmed for. Between misuse by humans, alignment problems, and instrumental goals, even AI built with good intentions could end up breaking bad…unless we do something about it.

About This Series:
AI is changing FAST so rather than doing a full Crash Course series of 12+ episodes, we’ve prepared a mini-series of just the basics. Crash Course will never tell you what to think and we’re not the type of organization that responds to breaking news in real time. Instead, we’re here to offer a zoomed-out foundation upon which to base your own opinions as you continue to learn from other outlets about the world that’s changing around us.

Crash Course: Futures of AI will cover:
-What even is AI? What’s the history of this thing and how quickly has it evolved to what exists today?
-How could AI transform society? Will AI cause the next Industrial Revolution, and what might that mean for workers and the environment?
-How powerful could AI become? How do we measure the progression of AI? What are the consequences we’re already seeing, and what might be the future consequences of unchecked AI development?
-How might powerful AI cause harm? We’ll touch on copyright infringement, misinformation, surveillance, authoritarianism, and (unfortunately,) more.
-How could AI be governed? What are the potential approaches for controlling AI both nationally and internationally?

P.S. Wondering if we used AI to create this series? Nope! Every Complexly video is lovingly, painstakingly human-made.

Intro 00:00
Chapter 1: How powerful AI systems can be misused 1:46
Chapter 2: Misalignment in advanced AI systems 3:36
Chapter 3: How instrumental goals could lead to rogue AI 6:43
Chapter 4: The case for the precautionary principle 9:30
Conclusion 11:49


Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/16br0e73KFVD5qu-VEBV40yQTpBiX0l65EgWQ6Q7Fz-k/edit?usp=sharing


***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, EllenBryn, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, SpaceRangerWes, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Reed Spilmann, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Katie Hoban, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Bernardo Garza, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder
__

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
Facebook - http://www.fac

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After 10 information-heavy episodes, it's time for a little Bad Astronomy.

Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster

--

PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios

Follow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomer

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/

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Hank discusses the process by which organisms grow and develop, maintaining that, in the end, we're all just tubes.

Table of Contents
1) Zygote 2:38
2) Morula 2:53
3) Blastula 3:25
4) Radial Symmetry 4:11
5) Bilateral Symmetry 4:26
6) Gastrulation 4:52
7) Blastopore 5:02
8) Gastrula 5:17
9) Protostomes & Deuterostomes 5:33
10) Germ Layers 6:22
a) Diploblastic 6:32
b) Triploblastic 6:44
11) Biolography 7:27

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourse
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/

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Are you afraid of ghosts? In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we pull back the curtain on the origins of Latin American horror, winding our way through (literal) ghost towns, haunted inns, and the eerie landscape of the Andes. Prepare to be spooked.

Introduction: A Ghost Story 00:00
Ghosts in Latin America 0:37
Pedro Páramo 1:22
The Female Gothic 4:54
Andean Gothic 6:51
The New Boom? 8:25
Review and Credits 9:16

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0
To learn more, check out these videos:

Geopolitical history of Latin America: War and Nation Building in Latin America: Crash Course World History 225 https://youtu.be/v6xi8_7Fy6Y?si=paRg7m_G3tMAX4vW , Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31 https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=P4HnEqr1_rEP2YGv
Ghosts & Religion: Religion, Spirituality, and the Supernatural: Crash Course Religions #18 https://youtu.be/Y-YbgGYsHig?si=Lkq-vGNfkyuDYe3Y, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism: Chinese Popular Religion https://youtu.be/JJ7fTJb6RHc?si=WmGBwurHb6MRlyJe
One Hundred Years of Solitude: 100 Years of Solitude Part 1: Crash Course Literature 306 https://youtu.be/YWNcCs__vQg?si=69kPZVKUib4XnYmK , 100 Years of Solitude Part 2: Crash Course Literature 307 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hlpv7nKt81A
“Facundo”: Latin American Lit 4 https://youtu.be/Nh4I1hMvubU,
The Andes Mountains: How do we Classify Climates? Crash Course Geography #13 https://youtu.be/xiGhLGFkJjo?si=_nPvWWfcfIIiaNJ4

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
Join our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/email
Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
DexcilaDou, Martin G. Diller, Johnathan Williams, Allison Wood, EllenBryn, Katrix , Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Dalton Williams, SpaceRangerWes, Chelsea S, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Michael Maher, Mitch Gresko, Gina Mancuso, Roger Harms, Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Katie Hoban, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Tanner Hedrick, Kristina D Knight, Samantha, Krystle Young, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Liz Wdow, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Bernardo Garza, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Pietro Gagliardi, John Lee, Eric Koslow, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Jason Rostoker, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett, Les Aker, ClareG, Rizwan Kassim, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, Triad Terrace, Katie Dean, Jason Buster, Emily T, Stephen McCandless, Thomas, Joseph Ruf, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks, Luke Sluder
__

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
Bluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.social

CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In which John Green teaches you about Sub-Saharan Africa! So, what exactly was going on there? It turns out, it was a lot of trade, converting to Islam, visits from Ibn Battuta, trade, beautiful women, trade, some impressive architecture, and several empires. John not only covers the West African Malian Empire, which is the one Mansa Musa ruled, but he also discusses the Ghanian Empire and even gets over to East Africa as well to discuss the trade-based city-states of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Zanzibar. In addition to all this, John considers emigrating to Canada.

Chapters:
Introduction: African History 00:00
King Mansa Musa of Mali 1:22
Mali, the Berbers, and the Islamization of West Africa 3:23
An Open Letter to Ibn Battula 5:29
The End of the Malian Empire 6:17
The Swahili Civilizations of Eastern Africa 6:55
Credits 9:56

Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourse
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Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/

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