Simply put, blockchain oracles facilitate accessing, processing, and transmitting information between the outside world of off-chain data and smart contracts. That said, DeFi and applied blockchain apps wouldn’t be possible without them.
The data they transmit can come in various forms, given they allow communication with different off-chain systems–including web APIs, cloud providers, e-signatures, payment systems, IoT devices, and other blockchains, amongst others.
That said, it’s valuable to understand their potential when it comes to increasing blockchain’s utility, what are the most exciting developments aimed to mitigate the trust that is being placed in any of the current oracle solutions, and what roles will these arbiters of truth play in the future of decentralized services.
To answer these questions, CryptoSlate talked to some of the prominent experts on the subject, some of who are going to meet in Berlin this June at the world’s first technologically agnostic summit that’s fully focused on oracles.
Connecting smart contracts to information outside of their native blockchains
While they already represent a crucial piece of the infrastructure that makes DeFi possible– ensuring the validity of data in the blockchain ecosystems–oracles are likely to become more prominent as more use-cases move toward Web3.
“When we looked at a lot of the use cases, we realized that we really needed to actually create the information–we needed to actually answer questions you can put in human language,” explained Edmund Edgar, Founder of Social Minds Inc., who created the world’s first smart contract oracle called Reality Keys.
Designed for Bitcoin scripting back in 2013, Reality Keys didn’t see much usage, however it served as a base for developing Reality.eth–an open source arbitration platform on Ethereum.
“Reality.eth is built to answer any question that you like, and instead of relying on a single entity, it’s crowdsourced,” noted Edgar, explaining how multiple people can answer the question, and the system with bonds was included in the design to incentivize them to answer honestly.
While mentioning the integration with Gnosis Safe, Edgar noted that Reality.eth is being increasingly used for governance.
Originally a multisig wallet, Gnosis Safe developed into an operating system for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs).
Its SafeSnap module, which is an oracle-based solution that utilizes Reality.eth, enables decentralized execution of governance proposals through an on-chain execution of off-chain votes.
“You take a vote of token holders using a system called Snapshot, and then you use Reality.eth to find out what the vote was, and to pass that information to the smart contract, so it can act on it,” Edgar explained the oracle’s role in the decentralized governance tool suite.
Minimizing the reliance on trusted parties
At this point, there are several different types of blockchain oracle services. The most basic typology makes a distinction between first-party and third-party oracles. While first-party oracles are operated by the API providers themselves, the latter are not operated by the owners of the information they serve, but act as middlemen between the data source and the blockchain.
“Some oracle services are centralized, while some are decentralized,” explained Steven Liu, Head of Development at NGD and Technologist of Neo Foundation, while adding how their native oracle solution combined different features from both designs.
The Neo network offers a host of different features to its users, including a decentralized file storage system, an identity system, and an oracle system that enables its smart contracts to access external resources.
“Our native oracle API can be requested directly by a smart contract and it involves a node consensus process, which makes it a trustless decentralized service,” added Liu, noting that because it adopts an asynchronous pattern, the request-response processing mechanism doesn’...