We finally understand how Tylenol blocks pain, women’s pelvises are evolving with medicine, a giant new telescope just saw first light, and your brain may literally be keeping a sleep debt ledger.

SOURCES

• We may finally know how Tylenol works — and it's not how we thought | Live Science
• Women's pelvises are shrinking – how is that changing childbirth? | New Scientist
• Recent evolutionary decrease in the human pelvis size | Nature Portfolio
• Vera Rubin Scientists Reveal Telescope’s First Images | New York Times
• Your brain tracks your sleep debt – and now we may know how | New Scientist
• Sleep need–dependent plasticity of a thalamic circuit promotes homeostatic recovery sleep | Science

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Host, Research, and Writing: Bobby Frankenberger

Cover Art: Scott Johnson

Outro Music: Stravyn

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AI's dirty emissions secret, a peaceful pharaoh succession, trees that can't save us, and a microbe that's almost a virus.

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A prehistoric boomerang just doubled its age, gastric bypass might slash cancer risk, scientists grow carbon-guzzling materials, and Gen Alpha's secret slang is stumping both parents and AI.

SOURCES

• Ancient mammoth-tusk boomerang is twice as old as we thought | New Scientist
• Boomerang and bones: Refining the chronology of the Early Upper Paleolithic at Obłazowa Cave, Poland | PLOS One
• Gastric bypass surgery may cut the risk of bowel cancer | New Scientist
• Bile diversion underlies Roux-en-Y antitumor benefits | Science Translational Medicine
• Scientists invent photosynthetic 'living' material that sucks CO2 out of the atmosphere | Live Science
• Generation Alpha's coded language makes online bullying hard to detect | New Scientist
• Understanding Gen Alpha's Digital Language: Evaluation of LLM Safety Systems for Content Moderation | FACCT '25

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A breathalyzer test for disease, how much your cat meows is in its DNA, heart attacks are losing their top killer status, and the new US vaccine panel is already causing problems.

SOURCES

• New 'breathalyzer' could detect signs of disease in human breath, scientists say | Live Science
• New laser-based breathalyzer sniffs out COVID, other diseases in real-time | CU Boulder Today
• Is your cat vocal or quiet? The explanation could be in their genes | The Conversation
• Association between androgen receptor gene and behavioral traits in cats (Felis catus) | PLOS One
• Heart attacks are no longer the leading cause of death in the US | New Scientist
• Still top cause of death, the types of heart disease people are dying from is changing | AHA Newsroom
•  Vaccine advisers to review ingredient RFK Jr. has long wanted banned | Politico
• Public health is under attack. Here is how we should fight back. | Washington Post

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A brutal heat dome across the US this week, mice made from two dads, orcas massaging each other with kelp, and emotionally intelligent AIs.

REFERENCES

• Massive 'heat dome' is bringing 'extremely dangerous' temperatures to the eastern half of the US | Live Science
• Researchers get viable mice by editing DNA from two sperm | Ars Technica
• Orcas scrub each other clean with bits of kelp | New Scientist
• New study claims AI 'understands' emotion better than us — especially in emotionally charged situations | Live Science

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An “off switch” in the brain for binge-drinking, how early humans leveled up before leaving Africa, a mysterious skull that’s been hiding Denisovan secrets for 90 years, and a simple fix that could slash methane on dairy farms.

SOURCES:

• The brain might have a hidden 'off switch' for binge drinking | Live Science
• Suppression of binge alcohol drinking by an inhibitory neuronal ensemble in the mouse medial orbitofrontal cortex | Nature Neuroscience
• Major expansion in the human niche preceded out of Africa dispersal | Nature
• 'Huge surprise' reveals how some humans left Africa 50,000 years ago | Live Science
• We’ve had a Denisovan skull since the 1930s—only nobody knew | Ars Technica
• Skull that’s 146,000 years old gives glimpse of lost human species | The Times
• Covering poop lagoons with a tarp could cut 80% of methane emissions from dairy farms | Live Science

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Forgotten memories still shaping your behavior, Viking dogs buried at sea, industrial waste turning into rocks, and a 3,000-kilometer-wide dust storm that crossed an ocean to land in Florida.

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Biofuels may be backfiring on the climate, we’ve finally solved the mystery of the Moon’s orange glass beads, Pluto has a bizarre new kind of climate, and a city-killer asteroid might give the Moon a black eye in 2032.

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A paralyzed man speaks again thanks to mind-reading AI, scientists grow brain implants in tadpoles, we finally see the sun’s south pole, and the Romans had a taste kentucky fried songbird.

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RFK Jr. removes every vaccine advisor from the CDC, gene editing may finally reverse kidney damage, artificial blood that works for everyone, and Death Valley’s dry air might just save your life.

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