A content management system (CMS) defines how the content on a website is arranged and presented. The most widely used CMS is WordPress, the open source tool that is written in PHP. A large percentage of the web consists of WordPress sites, and WordPress has a huge ecosystem of plugins and templates. Despite the success

A data workflow scheduler is a tool used for connecting multiple systems together in order to build pipelines for processing data. A data pipeline might include a Hadoop task for ETL, a Spark task for stream processing, and a TensorFlow task to train a machine learning model.  The workflow scheduler manages the tasks in that

A relational database often holds critical operational data for a company, including user names and financial information. Since this data is so important, a relational database must be architected to avoid data loss. Relational databases need to be a distributed system in order to provide the fault tolerance necessary for production use cases. If a

Python is the most widely used language for data science, and there are several libraries that are commonly used by Python data scientists including Numpy, Pandas, and scikit-learn. These libraries improve the user experience of a Python data scientist by giving them access to high level APIs. Data science is often performed over huge datasets,

NGINX is a web server that can be used to manage the APIs across an organization. Managing these APIs involves deciding on the routing and load balancing across the servers which host them. If the traffic of a website suddenly spikes, the website needs to spin up new replica servers and update the API gateway

NGINX is a web server that is used as a load balancer, an API gateway, a reverse proxy, and other purposes. Core application servers such as Ruby on Rails are often supported by NGINX, which handles routing the user requests between the different application server instances.  This model of routing and load balancing between different

Ceph is a storage system that can be used for provisioning object storage, block storage, and file storage. These storage primitives can be used as the underlying medium for databases, queueing systems, and bucket storage. Ceph is used in circumstances where the developer may not want to use public cloud resources like Amazon S3. As

Data analysts need to collaborate with each other in the same way that software engineers do. They also need a high quality development environment.  These data analysts are not working with programming languages like Java and Python, so they are not using an IDE such as Eclipse. Data analysts predominantly use SQL, and the tooling

A workflow is an application that involves more than just a simple request/response communication. For example, consider a session of a user taking a ride in an Uber. The user initiates the ride, and the ride might last for an hour. At the end of the ride, the user is charged for the ride and

Kafka is a distributed stream processing system that is commonly used for storing large volumes of append-only event data. Kafka has been open source for almost a decade, and as the project has matured, it has been used for new kinds of applications.  Kafka’s pubsub interface for writing and reading topics is not ideal for