On August 27, 1776, the ink on the Declaration of Independence was barely dry when George Washington and the Continental Army faced their first great trial. The British had returned with the largest force they ever sent overseas, and they chose New York as the place to crush the rebellion. What followed on Long Island was the biggest battle of the entire war, and it was a disaster for the Americans. Washington’s army was flanked, thousands were killed or captured, and the cause of independence nearly died in its infancy. Yet out of the smoke and confusion came moments of raw courage, like the desperate stand of the Marylanders at the Old Stone House, and one of the most remarkable retreats in military history. The battle was a defeat, but the escape saved the Revolution. Today we remember it not for victory, but for survival.

This week on Dave Does History, we dig into one of the most powerful lines in the Declaration of Independence: “a long train of abuses and usurpations.” You have heard it before, but what does it really mean? Jefferson was not just stringing together fancy words, he was deliberately echoing England’s own history. From Charles I losing his head in the Civil War, to James II’s downfall in the Glorious Revolution, to John Locke’s defense of liberty, the phrase carried a weight every educated reader in 1776 would have recognized. Jefferson was holding up a mirror to Parliament, reminding them that Americans were standing on the very same principles the English once fought for. By turning their own arguments against them, Jefferson gave the Declaration its sting and its legitimacy. Join us as we trace the thread from Stuart England to Philadelphia and see how Jefferson’s quill tied two revolutions together.

In August of 1942, the war in the Pacific was a brutal tug of war. The Marines had landed on Guadalcanal and seized a half-finished airfield they named Henderson Field. For the Japanese, that dirt strip was a threat they could not ignore. What followed was a clash that became known as the Battle of the Eastern Solomons.

It was a fight carried almost entirely in the air, where carriers launched strike after strike, and Henderson Field itself became an unsinkable part of the American fleet. The Japanese lost a light carrier, precious pilots, and their chance to reinforce Guadalcanal with the speed they needed. The Americans lost planes, men, and saw the mighty Enterprise battered, but they held on.

The Battle of the Eastern Solomons did not end the war, but it showed a truth that carried forward. Sometimes victory means simply staying in the fight.

On August 24, 1938, the world witnessed a grim first in the history of flight. A China National Aviation Corporation Douglas DC-2 named Kweilin lifted off from Hong Kong on a routine passenger run. Painted clearly with civilian markings, the airliner was no military threat to anyone. Yet over the Pearl River, Japanese fighters intercepted the unarmed plane and opened fire. What followed was a shocking act of brutality as the aircraft was strafed in the water and most of its passengers and crew were killed.

The attack sent shockwaves across the globe, not only for the lives lost but because it marked the very first time a civilian airliner had been deliberately shot down in war. In today’s episode of Dave Does History, we look back at the Kweilin Incident, the people who perished, the survivors, and the lasting impact it had on aviation and the wider war in Asia.

On the evening of August 23, 1939, a photograph was taken inside the Kremlin that, to this day, ought to make the blood run cold. At the table sat Joachim von Ribbentrop, Hitler’s foreign minister, pen in hand, and Vyacheslav Molotov, Stalin’s trusted diplomat. Hovering behind them with an oddly satisfied grin was Joseph Stalin. They had just signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, a document whose public terms promised peace between Germany and the Soviet Union, but whose secret clauses carved up Eastern Europe like a butcher portioning a carcass. In that moment, two regimes that loathed each other shook hands, and the fuse for the Second World War was lit. For too long, history has let Stalin hide in Hitler’s shadow. The Soviet Union was not merely a victim of Hitler’s later betrayal. It was an accomplice in starting the war and in enabling the Holocaust that followed in Poland.

In the summer of 1614, the city of Frankfurt erupted in one of the darkest chapters of its history. While many of us think of ghettos as a phenomenon of the twentieth century, Frankfurt’s Judengasse had already been in existence for more than 150 years, a crowded street where thousands of Jews lived under strict rules and constant restrictions. It was here that Vincenz Fettmilch, a gingerbread baker turned populist rabble-rouser, led a mob that stormed the gates, plundered homes, and drove every Jewish family from the city.

The Fettmilch uprising was not just about antisemitism, though that was its most violent face. It was also about political corruption, economic resentment, and the way a crowd can be whipped into turning on its weakest neighbors when promised relief from their struggles. In this episode, we uncover how it happened, why it mattered, and why its lessons still echo today.

On August 21, 1942, the still night along a small stream on Guadalcanal exploded into chaos. The Marines called it Alligator Creek, though the name was wrong, and history remembers it as the Battle of Tenaru. Colonel Kiyonao Ichiki marched nearly a thousand men straight into the Marine perimeter, convinced that victory was already his. What followed was hours of screaming charges, machine gun fire, and canister rounds that cut the Japanese down in waves. By sunrise, Ichiki’s men were trapped in a coconut grove, and American tanks rolled through the wreckage, crushing what remained. Of the 916 Japanese soldiers who attacked, almost all were killed. Only fifteen were taken prisoner. For the Marines, it was their first great land victory of the Pacific war. At Tenaru, the illusion of Japanese invincibility shattered, and the long fight for Guadalcanal had truly begun.

On this episode of Dave Does History we travel back to November 19, 1863, when Abraham Lincoln rose at Gettysburg to deliver what would become one of the most enduring speeches in American history. Lincoln was not the featured speaker that day, yet his brief two minutes transformed the way the nation understood itself. With 272 words he tied the bloodshed of the Civil War to the promise made in 1776, reminding Americans that liberty and equality are not passing ideas but permanent propositions.

We explore why Lincoln reached back to Jefferson’s Declaration rather than the Constitution, why “all men are created equal” remains a challenge for every generation, and how the pursuit of happiness reshaped political philosophy. Along the way, we connect the timeless ideals of the founding to the struggles of today, pressing the question Lincoln left for us all: can government of the people truly endure?

On the night of August 19, 1944, the South China Sea boiled with rain squalls, radar pings, and the tense silence of men waiting for torpedoes to strike. USS Bluefish, a Gato-class submarine, prowled into position alongside her sister, USS Rasher. Ahead of them churned Convoy Hi-71, one of Japan’s last great efforts to push fuel, troops, and supplies toward the Philippines.

What happened in the hours that followed would become one of the most devastating submarine strikes of the war. Bluefish fired spread after spread in the blackness, and when dawn rose, the great fleet oiler Hayasui was gone, another transport was crippled, and the convoy lay shattered. Rasher’s kills added to the destruction.

Together, the two submarines had ripped out a piece of Japan’s remaining lifeline. Tonight we tell the story of August 19, the defining night of USS Bluefish.

I stood on the cliff at Cape Disappointment, wind in my face, the Pacific grumbling below. Behind me, the Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center kept watch like a lighthouse for memory. This is where the Corps of Discovery met saltwater and fog, where maps ran out and America looked bigger than any drawing on parchment. I went to touch that edge, and to meet the shadow of a man who helped find it.

Tonight we talk about Meriwether Lewis, not the statue but the person. Soldier and observer, partner to Clark, tough in the wilderness and troubled in rooms full of ledgers. He carried Jefferson’s hopes across mountains, then carried debts and doubts that bit harder than winter rain. From triumph at the Pacific to a death that raises questions, his life reads like a warning and a promise. Join me as we chase the man behind the myth together.