Dead Poets Society 《春風化雨》/《已故詩人會社》
     Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American film directed by Peter Weir and written by Tom Schulman. The film, starring Robin Williams, is set in 1959 at the fictional elite boarding school Welton Academy, and tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry. Dead Poets Society was released in the United States on June 2, 1989. The film was a critical and commercial success and received numerous awards.
In 1959, Todd Anderson begins his junior year of high school at Welton Academy, an all-male preparatory boarding school in Vermont, USA. Assigned one of Welton’s most promising students, senior Neil Perry, as his roommate, he meets Neil’s friends: Knox Overstreet, Richard Cameron, Steven Meeks, Gerard Pitts, and Charlie Dalton. On the first day of classes, the boys are surprised by the unorthodox teaching methods of new English teacher, John Keating. A Welton alumnus himself, Keating encourages his students to “make your lives extraordinary: seize the day (carpe diem).” Subsequent lessons include Keating having the students take turns standing on his desk to demonstrate ways to look at life differently, telling them to rip out (撕裂) the introduction of their poetry books, and inviting them to make up their own style of walking in a courtyard to encourage their individualism. Keating’s methods attract the attention of strict headmaster, Gale Nolan.
     Upon learning that Keating was a member of the unsanctioned (未經批准的) club: Dead Poets Society (已故詩人會社) while at Welton, Neil restarts the club. Neil and his friends sneak off (偷偷溜走) campus to a cave where they read poetry. As the school year progresses, Keating’s lessons and their involvement with the club encourage them to live their lives on their own terms. Neil discovers his love of acting and gets the role as Puck in a local production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream (《仲夏夜之夢》沙士比亞戲劇), despite the fact that his domineering father wants him to attend Harvard to study medicine.
Meanwhile, Keating helps Todd come out of his shell and realize his potential when he takes him through an exercise in self-expression, resulting in his composing a poem spontaneously in front of the class, making everyone applaud for Todd. Charlie publishes an article in the school newspaper in the club’s name suggesting that girls be admitted to Welton. Nolan speaks with Keating, warning him that he should discourage his students from questioning authority. Keating then admonishes (告誡) the boys, warning that they must assess (評估) all their consequences. Neil becomes devastated after his father discovers his involvement in the play and demands he quit on the eve of the opening performance. Neil goes to Keating. Keating advises Neil to stand his ground and prove to his father that his love of acting is something he takes seriously. Neil’s father unexpectedly shows up at the performance. He angrily takes Neil home. He has Neil withdrawn from Welton and enrolled in a military academy. Lacking any support from his concerned mother, and unable to explain how he feels to his father, a distraught (心煩意亂的) Neil commits suicide. Nolan investigates Neil’s death at the request of the Perry family. Cameron blames Neil’s death on Keating, and names the other members in the Dead Poets Society. Keating is fired and Nolan takes over all Keating’s classes. As Keating leaves, Todd stands up on his desk, with the words “O Captain! My Captain!”. The other members of the Dead Poets Society do the same thing. Touched by their support, Keating proudly thanks the boys and departs as Todd looks on.
 
〈哦船長，我的船長 O Captain! My Captain〉　
Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
Oh, Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done,
啊！船長！我的船長！可怕的航程已完成；
The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
這船歷盡風險，企求的目標已達成。
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
港口在望，鐘聲響，人們在歡欣。
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
千萬雙眼睛注視著平穩的船，勇敢且堅定；
But Oh, heart! heart! heart!
但是痛心啊！痛心！痛心！
Oh, the bleeding drops of red!
瞧一滴滴鮮紅的血！
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
甲板上躺著我的船長，
Fallen cold and dead.
他倒下去，冰冷，永別。
Oh, Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
啊，船長！我的船長！起來吧，傾聽鐘聲；
Rise up -for you the flag is flung -for you the bugle trills,
起來吧，號角為您長鳴，旌旗為您高懸：
For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths--for you the shores crowding,
迎接您，多少花束花圈－等候著您，千萬人峰擁岸邊；
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
他們向您高呼，擁來擠去，仰起殷切的臉；
Here, Captain! dear father!
啊，船長！親愛的父親！
This arm beneath your head;
我的手臂托著您的頭！
It is some dream that on the deck
莫非是一場夢：在甲板上
You’ve fallen cold and dead.
您倒下去，冰冷，永別。
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,
我的船長不作聲，嘴唇慘白，毫不動彈；
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
我的父親沒感到我的手臂，沒有脈搏，沒有遺言；
The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
船舶拋錨停下，平安抵達；船程終了；
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
歷經難險返航，奪得勝利目標。
Exult, Oh, shores! and ring, O bells!
啊，岸上鐘聲齊鳴，啊，人們一片歡騰！
But I, with mournful tread,
但是，我在甲板上，在船長身旁，
Walk the deck my captain lies,
心悲切，步履沉重；
Fallen cold and dead.
因為他倒下去，冰冷，永別。
 
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Robert Herrick (1591-1674)
Gather ye rosebuds while ye may,
Old Time is still a-flying;
And this same flower that smiles today,
To-morrow will be dying.
The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun,
The higher he’s a-getting,
The sooner will his race be run,
And nearer he’s to setting.
That age is best which is the first,
When youth and blood are warmer;
But being spent, the worse, and worst
Times still succeed the former.
Then be not coy, but use your time,
And, while ye may, go marry:
For having lost but once your prime,
You may forever tarry.
有花堪折直須折
莫待時光空流逝
今朝她在叢中樂
明日無花空折枝
日如華燈掛天際
躍上桿頭更近空
看似風光無限極
愈是無情一日終 
豆蔻年華最美妙
青春血氣皆方剛
人生盛景日漸少
光陰飛逝不可擋
莫因嬌羞誤姻緣
惜此韶華嫁少年
今日等閒失良機
他朝悲切亦枉然
 
《春風化雨》(Dead Poets Society) 是1989年的電影。影片講述一間傳統學校的老師，用反傳統的方法來教學生詩歌、文學和生活的故事。威爾頓預科學校，一向都是以傳統、守舊的方法來教授學生，可是新學期來校的新文學老師基廷 (Keating) 卻一改學校的常規，讓自己班上的學生，解放思想，充分發揮學生的能力。他告訴學生要「活在當下」（拉丁文：carpe diem），並以該原則行事。在教學的第一堂課上，基廷並沒有在教室裏上課，而是領同學看校史樓內的照片，讓他們去聆聽死者的聲音，並去領悟生命的真諦。基廷甚至要求學生將課本中古版老套的前言撕去，自由的教學方式，讓學生開始懂得自己的興趣、愛好、前途和目標。他的學生甚至反抗學校的禁令，重新成立基廷曾於該校學生時代參與過的秘密小組－已故詩人會社 (Dead Poets Society)，他們在校外很遠的山洞中，探討詩歌與人生。不久之後，學校發現這個小組，校方對基廷老師教育方法十分反對。基廷老師的學生尼爾 (Neil) 熱愛表演，並在一次演出上，大獲成功。但他父親堅決反對，將他帶回家，並決定第二天讓其轉學。尼爾極度痛苦卻無法傾訴，在當晚自殺了。小組成員之一卡梅隆（Cameron）出賣了他們，校方逼小組成員在聲明上簽字，把責任全推卸於基廷老師身上，將他開除出學校。在基廷老師要離開學校的時候，學生們站立在桌上，並說「哦船長，我的船長」，以表達老師傳達給他們的信念，會永遠在他們心中，一直存在著。
    威爾頓預科貴族學校，1959年度開學典禮暨建校100週年華誕，正隆重舉行時，校長諾倫博士驕傲地回顧著學校的輝煌，為學校一百年來，始終堅持傳統、榮譽、紀律和卓越四大信條，並因此成為美國最好大學預備學校而驕傲。也就在這一天，威爾頓的榮譽畢業生，是從倫敦回來執教的新教師約翰·基廷，回母校出任英文教師。新學期開始了，沉悶的氛圍、陳腐的說教，讓威爾頓的大男孩們倍感壓抑，同學們私下裡咒罵威爾頓是地獄學校，篡改威爾頓四大信條，以示嘲弄。此時，同學們怎麼也想不到，新來的基廷老師，和他們心中原始的渴望一樣。他與眾不同、離經叛道的上課方式，立刻在同學們中掀起波瀾。基廷老師哼著的《揚基進行曲》、及時行樂的信條，撕去教科書上矯作的詩歌分析，在威爾頓學生長期被窒息的心靈中，引發了一場地震。不久，尼爾在學校圖書館裡，意外發現一本刊登著基廷簡歷的威爾頓年鑑。原來基廷老師曾是橄欖球隊的隊長，參加過一個名叫「已故詩人會社」的社團。基廷老師講述詩社的秘密，在尼爾的倡導下，「已故詩人會社」得以重建，查理、納克斯、米克、卡麥隆等同學熱烈回響，怯懦的托德，也加入進來。從此，「已故詩人會社」的成員們，在當年基廷聚會的地方，唱著優美的詩句，扭動起節奏強烈的非洲原始舞蹈，釋放著青春生命的激情。威爾頓學校發生了悄然的變化，麻煩和不幸，在這悄然的變化中，也隨之而來。尼爾參加《仲夏夜之夢》演出，遭到父親的極力阻攔；納克斯暗戀名花有主的克莉絲姑娘；「已故詩人會社」發表招收女生的文章。一切的一切，引起諾倫校長的注意。《仲夏夜之夢》演出結束的那天晚上，尼爾用父親的手槍，讓自己的靈魂，飄向遙遠的天國。尼爾的死，震驚了威爾頓。校方迫於輿論壓力，開始調查尼爾自殺的原因。調查結果表明，基廷老師對於威爾頓開學所發生的事情，負完全責任。基廷老師被學校開除，在英語課時，基廷老師前來告別。同學們以站上課桌，大聲朗讀詩歌，目送著臉上蕩漾微笑、離開教室的基廷老師。
    電影中，基廷老師給學生上的第一課，就是帶他們去擺滿校史資料的走廊，親自感受歷史人文的氣息。他教學生理解文學，不要單憑書本上的註解，而是要學習獨立思考，透過閱讀去細細品味。基廷老師根據不同孩子的性格、志趣，給予不同的建議和支持，鼓勵他們追求自己喜歡的事物，讓學生自由思考，自己做自己的主人。雖然他的學生尼爾違背父親意願，去參加戲劇表演。在父親的強權面前，他不知該如何抉擇，最後以死亡證明他對戲劇的熱愛。而基廷老師也因尼爾的死，被迫辭職離校，但是他卻得到了學生的認可。基廷老師曾說「教育的根本目的，是學會自我思考」。中國古話也云，「盡信書，不如無書」，我們要用自己的思考，來取代書本的被動思考，才能活出自己，讓生命變得有意義。「世界上，沒有兩片完全相同的樹葉」，正因為沒有兩片完全相同的樹葉，世界才如此精彩。差異性和豐富性，可創造出新穎、獨特，但也會顯得格格不入。電影最後一幕，學生對老師的愛，學生對文學的愛，學生對世界的愛，不需要任何言語，卻表達得淋漓盡致。語言總是有限的，無限的是那些不能改變的悲哀，以及在絕望的大海中，一艘輕舟般的希望。生命需要包容，包容所有的差異性，包容所有的不足與缺陷。生命需要寬恕，寬恕自己的懶散，允許自己和他人有彈性。大自然有好多可能性，生命亦充滿無限可能，永遠主宰自己，正面思考，身體力行。 

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