When I was at the Idaho National Labs, I got to meet Wayne Austad. We had a conversation about cybersecurity as it relates to physical infrastructure. People always wonder what if hackers shut down the power grid? They have shut down the power grid, in different parts of the world and we talked about that a little bit.

Wayne’s at the forefront of figuring out how do we secure this physical stuff? How do we secure the grid? How do we secure power stations? Nuclear reactors? How do we secure all the stuff that people rely on in daily life and just take for granted? This is the physical stuff, it can kill you. If something goes wrong, it can explode and be a terrible disaster. We really want to make sure that we have the best security we can for these things. Historically, it’s been challenging because a lot of the physical machinery and the control systems for it predate networks, predate the internet.

And so for a long time that stuff’s been vulnerable. And it’s so exciting to see the large-scale operation they have at the Idaho National Labs. They have a huge team working on this amazing stuff. I got to see simulators for historical attacks on infrastructure. You could actually go and play with these things. You can see a virus taking over a power plant and shutting it down. You can test interventions, you can really experience what it would have been like to be on the response team during these actual events. It’s really cool.

Wayne is the CTO of National and Homeland Security at the Idaho National Laboratory. He’s also the Chief R&D Officer for an operation called Cybersecurity Manufacturing Innovation Institute. Wayne has a lot of very forward-thinking ideas about applying state-of-the-art technology to this infrastructure that we rely on every day of our lives.

Wayne Austad CTO, National & Homeland Security, Idaho National Laboratory Chief R&D Officer, Cybersecurity Manufacturing Innovation Institute (CyManII) Mr. Wayne Austad has worked at INL for 30 years with 21 years of experience building impactful national security programs. As CTO for National & Homeland Security he: 1) Provides leadership and strategy for the collaborative R&D, infrastructure, and partnerships; 2) Acts as Chief R&D Officer for CyManII, a DOE institute led by UTSA focused on pervasive cybersecurity in manufacturing automation and supply chain, and sponsor of new MFG-ISAC; 3) Leads the Secure & Resilient Cyber Physical Systems Initiative for INL. Previously, Mr. Austad created INL’s Cybercore Integration Center and led outreach to agencies, national labs, and academic institutions to build a collaborative, interdisciplinary teaming environment linked to INL’s Research & Education Campus expansions. As a Director of the Mission Support Center, now part of Cybercore, Mr. Austad led a senior technical group that developed new methods for analysis of targeted cyber threats, provided technical context for mitigation priorities, and created new paradigms for information sharing between industry infrastructure owners, threat analysis teams, and government leaders. He also served as the Director of the Special Programs, which developed special technology and analysis for defense and intelligence agencies in advanced materials, trace detection, nuclear nonproliferation, electronic warfare modeling, information operations, and wireless communications systems.

• Idaho National Labs

Two nerds bullshitting about turning your dead relatives into diamonds..

One of the awesome guys that got to meet at the Idaho National Labs is Nicholas Woolstenhulme. He’s a mechanical engineer working on the fuel for nuclear reactors, and his whole career has been working on the fuel for nuclear reactors.

He gets to learn about all the fuels that are possible to make, test them out, figure out how to make them better, make them safer, make them more efficient. In this conversation, we dig into that. He brought me an amazing example of a 3d printed model of how fuel can be structured in modern reactors.

I’m going to put a picture of that on the blog so you can see it and I hope that you guys will learn something from this. I know these are deep nerd conversations, but we really have to have them in order to get to the bottom of what’s possible from the people who are really in the trenches.

And we’re so lucky to have thousands of people in the trenches. Engineers working on every aspect of making modern, safe nuclear reactors. We have all the talent that we need. We have all the people that we need, what we need to do is go build them and I’m so excited to see that this country is finally getting our act together. Finally turning around on sentiment around nuclear reactors.

• Nicholas Woolstenhulme Research Bio

Two nerds and an Australian architect bullshitting about turning CAD software into a giant world simulating video game.

Recently, I got to go hang out at the Idaho National Labs in Idaho Falls. There are thousands of people at those labs, working on the future of energy for the United States. They’re working on renewable energy of course. They’re working on all kinds of things that I had no idea were happening. Around recycling and waste processing, but primarily they are working on nuclear reactors. It was such a treat for me to go see all the work they’re doing. We have engineers who spent their entire careers working on the technologies for nuclear reactors. We need to make this happen at a large scale. I don’t know why we haven’t been putting these people to use and making a lot of nuclear reactors.

They know everything! They’re testing fuels, they’re testing metals, they’re testing different reactor designs. They have live reactors there, since the 1950s, that they use for this kind of testing. It’s incredible what I got to see.

And one of the folks I got to meet there was Ahmad Al Rashdan. He’s a PhD that’s working as a senior research and development scientist at the Nuclear Science and Technology Directorate at Idaho National Labs.

This is a short but important conversation for me. You get to see me asking the questions that I need to ratify my view and understanding of what’s happening with nuclear reactors and what’s possible with them. I’m getting to ask an expert who spends his entire career every day, working on these technologies and it’s very important.

I don’t want to have the wrong ideas because you hear me evangelizing nuclear reactors a lot! I want to know as much as possible, and I’m grateful to have a chance to pick some brains now and then of people who are in different parts of the entire chain of making this possible.

• Ahmad Al Rashdan Research Bio

Two nerds bullshitting about alternatives to college that would provide some of the same benefits.

Frank Rieger is a hacker in Germany and one of the most well-known spokesman for the chaos computer club. This organization is unlike anything we have in the United States, unlike anything I’ve seen anywhere else in the world. It’s computer hackers who’ve taken an interest in figuring out how to be activists for policy decisions in government that affect technology, especially computers, privacy, data. All the things that actually matter, but get thrown by the wayside by our corporate overlords.

It’s amazing getting to hang out with these guys. They’re doing something we haven’t figured out how to accomplish, how to create a lobby. They’ve been very effective. Talking to Frank about what they’ve accomplished over the years and things they’ve worked on is, both inspiring and terrifying because, they have had wins, but also losing ground at times as well.

And it’s just this sort of continual war of escalation, trying to keep governments from becoming surveillance states. Keep them from violating the sensibilities that we’ve had to develop in hard fought wars in the past. With authoritarian, dictatorships, and other despots who’ve taken control. They keep coming back in different forms. I wish we could find a way to be so engaged here in the U.S.

Personally, I started going to Germany for their event 25 years ago. I remember the first time I went with some American hackers to the Chaos Computer Congress, it happens every year in Germany between Christmas and New Year’s Eve. It’ll blow your mind. These hackers are incredible. It’s inspiring to see what they can do. I think it is kind of a backlash to the very structured education program in Germany and Europe at large. The misfits, they go hard and I’ve seen them do incredible things I thought were impossible at times. If it’s of any interest to you to go to hacker convention, this is the one to go to.

I think you’ll see that Frank is a very level person. He’s smart and well-spoken. He’s standing up for what’s right. I’m thrilled to be sharing with you.

• Frank Rieger on Wikipedia (in German)

Two nerds bullshitting about LinkedIn basically being Dungeons & Dragons for squares.

Two nerds bullshitting about robots that can give a good massage.

 I got to hang out with Dr. Bruce Damer recently on the beach at Kaplankaya in Turkey. Bruce is an amazing scientist, a humble guy. Who has spent his whole career trying to figure out how did life begin on Earth?

He and his co-conspirator Dr. David Deamer have figured out something that not only works as a hypothesis for how life began on Earth – but they’ve been able to reproduce it – in hot Springs.

Bruce is also a brave pioneer of using psychedelics to change his own mind, to change his own life, and to help him with insights for scientific discovery. He has also since created The Center for MINDS, which is an organization devoted to advancing scientific discovery. In part, by helping folks use psychedelics and learn about using psychedelics to go places their minds just don’t want to go otherwise.

This is a bit controversial and has been taboo for my entire life. I think it’s very important area to research. I really appreciate the people who are coming out – risking their own careers and the backlash of bias that people have – to help us figure out what’s possible with this frontier in science. Bruce has really opened up to share his own life experience with you guys and I’m really thankful to him for that.

• Center for Minds

BIOTA Institute Director and Chief Scientist Dr. Bruce Damer has spent his life pursuing two great questions: how did life on Earth begin, and how can we give that life (and ourselves) a sustainable pathway into the cosmos? He conceived of BIOTA in 1996 and guided it through its first two decades of evolution in which it hosted four conferences and a podcast (hosted by Tom Barbalet) on the use of digital spaces to simulate evolution and natural systems. A decade of scientific research with his collaborator Prof. David Deamer at the UC Santa Cruz Department of Biomolecular Engineering resulted in the Hot Spring Hypothesis for an Origin of Life published in the journal Astrobiology in 2019 . In 2021, with growing global collaboration around the hypothesis, he determined that BIOTA was ready for its new mission: raising grants for students and young scientists to test this scenario for life’s origins and explore its implications for humanity. Dr. Damer also has a long career working with NASA on mission simulation and design and recently co-developed a spacecraft to utilize resources from asteroids. He is an avid collector of vintage computing hardware in his DigiBarn Computer Museum and enjoys a fine life with his partner Kathryn Lukas, 3 cats and one adorable chihuahua in their Gandalf-inspired house high up in the Santa Cruz redwoods.