A complex and progressive condition that remains the primary driver of renal failure across the globe. These documents explore its pathophysiology, detailing how high blood sugar triggers structural changes such as glomerular hyperfiltration and tissue scarring. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach, integrating strict blood pressure control with specialized medications like SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Clinicians must also address frequent comorbidities, including heart failure, anemia, and vision loss, to improve long-term survival. Monitoring tools such as HbA1c levels and albuminuria are essential for tracking disease progression and tailoring treatment goals to individual patient needs. Ultimately, the sources highlight how modern medical advancements and team-based care models have significantly enhanced the quality of life for those affected.
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