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电影早期历史
这篇文章回归到了我们最早接触的被动语态（Passive Voice），同时也展示了如何用英语定义概念（Defining Concepts），这在学术或说明性写作中非常重要。
1. 英文完整原文 (Full English Text)
The Early Days of Cinema
The history of cinema began in the late 19th century. Cinematography is the illusion of movement, which is created by the rapid projection of many still photographic pictures on a screen. The first moving pictures were incredibly simple. For example, in 1878, Eadweard Muybridge’s famous pictures of a horse in motion were taken using 24 cameras. However, the key breakthrough was the public screening of projected moving pictures.
The Lumière brothers were the first to present projected moving pictures to a paying audience in Paris in 1895. Early films were very short, sometimes less than a minute long. They were not truly 'silent,' as they were usually accompanied by live music or lectures. The film industry grew quickly, and dedicated cinemas were built as movies became longer and storytelling became the main focus.
2. 中文完整译文 (Full Chinese Translation)
电影的早期岁月
电影的历史始于19世纪晚期。电影摄影术是一种运动的错觉，它是由许多静止的摄影照片在屏幕上快速投射而产生的。最早的动态影像非常简单。例如，在1878年，埃德沃德·迈布里奇（Eadweard Muybridge）著名的奔马图就是使用24台照相机拍摄的。然而，关键的突破是动态影像的公开放映。
1895年，卢米埃尔兄弟（Lumière brothers）在巴黎首次向付费观众展示了投影的动态影像。早期的电影非常短，有时不到一分钟。它们并不是真正的“无声”，因为它们通常伴随着现场音乐或解说。随着电影变得更长，讲故事成为主要焦点，电影产业迅速发展，专门的电影院也被建造起来。
3. 关键词讲解 (Key Vocabulary)
Cinematography (名词): 电影摄影术；电影制作艺术
Illusion (名词): 错觉；幻觉
Illusion of movement: 运动的错觉（指静止图片快速播放看起来像在动）。
Projection (名词): 投射；放映
指将图像打在屏幕上的过程。
Still (形容词): 静止的
Still pictures:静止的照片（与 moving pictures 相对）。
Screening (名词): 放映；筛选
Public screening:公开放映。
Breakthrough (名词): 突破
重大的进展或发现。
Accompanied by (动词短语 - 被动式): 伴随着……；由……陪同
在早期电影中，指画面播放时旁边有人弹琴或解说。
Dedicated (形容词): 专门的；专用的；致力于……的
Dedicated cinemas:专门用来放电影的建筑（不是借用剧院或咖啡馆）。
4. 关键语法讲解 (Key Grammar)
这篇文章结合了定义概念和历史叙述（被动语态）。
A. 定义概念 (Defining Concepts)
结构： Subject + is + Noun Phrase (+ Relative Clause)这是学术写作中解释术语的标准方式。
原文: Cinematography is the illusion of movement, which is created by...
解析:
定义主体: Cinematography (电影摄影术)。
系动词: is (是)。
核心定义: the illusion of movement (运动的错觉)。
补充说明 (被动): which is created by... (它是由……创造的)。
技巧:这种“A是B，B由C产生”的句型非常严谨，适合用来解释科学或技术原理。
B. 被动语态叙述历史 (Passive Voice for History)
正如我们在第一篇乔丹的文章中学到的，历史事件中往往强调“发生了什么”，而不是“谁做的”。
原文: ...illusion... is created by the rapid projection...
解析:一般现在时被动语态。描述客观原理（现在依然如此）。
原文: ...pictures... were taken using 24 cameras.
解析:一般过去时被动语态。描述1878年的具体事件。
原文: They were usually accompanied by live music...
解析:描述当时电影的常态。
原文: ...dedicated cinemas were built...
解析:描述随着行业发展而发生的建设活动。
C. 主动与被动混合 (Mixing Active and Passive)
注意最后一句的巧妙结合：
原文: The film industry grew (主动) quickly, and dedicated cinemas were built (被动)...
解析:产业“增长”通常用主动（它自己变大），而建筑“被建造”必须用被动（被人造）。这种转换在描述历史进程时非常自然。
学习建议： 这篇文章中的Cinematography is..., which is created by...是一个万能的定义句型。试着模仿这个句型来定义一下“摄影（Photography）”？(提示：Photography / the art of capturing light / created by a camera)
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By 爸爸的温度这篇文章回归到了我们最早接触的被动语态（Passive Voice），同时也展示了如何用英语定义概念（Defining Concepts），这在学术或说明性写作中非常重要。
1. 英文完整原文 (Full English Text)
The Early Days of Cinema
The history of cinema began in the late 19th century. Cinematography is the illusion of movement, which is created by the rapid projection of many still photographic pictures on a screen. The first moving pictures were incredibly simple. For example, in 1878, Eadweard Muybridge’s famous pictures of a horse in motion were taken using 24 cameras. However, the key breakthrough was the public screening of projected moving pictures.
The Lumière brothers were the first to present projected moving pictures to a paying audience in Paris in 1895. Early films were very short, sometimes less than a minute long. They were not truly 'silent,' as they were usually accompanied by live music or lectures. The film industry grew quickly, and dedicated cinemas were built as movies became longer and storytelling became the main focus.
2. 中文完整译文 (Full Chinese Translation)
电影的早期岁月
电影的历史始于19世纪晚期。电影摄影术是一种运动的错觉，它是由许多静止的摄影照片在屏幕上快速投射而产生的。最早的动态影像非常简单。例如，在1878年，埃德沃德·迈布里奇（Eadweard Muybridge）著名的奔马图就是使用24台照相机拍摄的。然而，关键的突破是动态影像的公开放映。
1895年，卢米埃尔兄弟（Lumière brothers）在巴黎首次向付费观众展示了投影的动态影像。早期的电影非常短，有时不到一分钟。它们并不是真正的“无声”，因为它们通常伴随着现场音乐或解说。随着电影变得更长，讲故事成为主要焦点，电影产业迅速发展，专门的电影院也被建造起来。
3. 关键词讲解 (Key Vocabulary)
Cinematography (名词): 电影摄影术；电影制作艺术
Illusion (名词): 错觉；幻觉
Illusion of movement: 运动的错觉（指静止图片快速播放看起来像在动）。
Projection (名词): 投射；放映
指将图像打在屏幕上的过程。
Still (形容词): 静止的
Still pictures:静止的照片（与 moving pictures 相对）。
Screening (名词): 放映；筛选
Public screening:公开放映。
Breakthrough (名词): 突破
重大的进展或发现。
Accompanied by (动词短语 - 被动式): 伴随着……；由……陪同
在早期电影中，指画面播放时旁边有人弹琴或解说。
Dedicated (形容词): 专门的；专用的；致力于……的
Dedicated cinemas:专门用来放电影的建筑（不是借用剧院或咖啡馆）。
4. 关键语法讲解 (Key Grammar)
这篇文章结合了定义概念和历史叙述（被动语态）。
A. 定义概念 (Defining Concepts)
结构： Subject + is + Noun Phrase (+ Relative Clause)这是学术写作中解释术语的标准方式。
原文: Cinematography is the illusion of movement, which is created by...
解析:
定义主体: Cinematography (电影摄影术)。
系动词: is (是)。
核心定义: the illusion of movement (运动的错觉)。
补充说明 (被动): which is created by... (它是由……创造的)。
技巧:这种“A是B，B由C产生”的句型非常严谨，适合用来解释科学或技术原理。
B. 被动语态叙述历史 (Passive Voice for History)
正如我们在第一篇乔丹的文章中学到的，历史事件中往往强调“发生了什么”，而不是“谁做的”。
原文: ...illusion... is created by the rapid projection...
解析:一般现在时被动语态。描述客观原理（现在依然如此）。
原文: ...pictures... were taken using 24 cameras.
解析:一般过去时被动语态。描述1878年的具体事件。
原文: They were usually accompanied by live music...
解析:描述当时电影的常态。
原文: ...dedicated cinemas were built...
解析:描述随着行业发展而发生的建设活动。
C. 主动与被动混合 (Mixing Active and Passive)
注意最后一句的巧妙结合：
原文: The film industry grew (主动) quickly, and dedicated cinemas were built (被动)...
解析:产业“增长”通常用主动（它自己变大），而建筑“被建造”必须用被动（被人造）。这种转换在描述历史进程时非常自然。
学习建议： 这篇文章中的Cinematography is..., which is created by...是一个万能的定义句型。试着模仿这个句型来定义一下“摄影（Photography）”？(提示：Photography / the art of capturing light / created by a camera)