Get ready to see something nasty in the woodshed, because this week we're talking about Cold Comfort Farm! Join us to learn about 1920s Kenya, horrible Jell-O dishes, and the Girl Guides. Plus, Sofia delivers a tutorial on reading tea leaves, which Jamie fails in spectacular fashion.

Sources:

1920s Kenya:

Brett L. Shadle, The souls of white folk: White settlers in Kenya, 1900s-1920s (Manchester University Press, 2015), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv18b5hjh . Marc H. Dawson, "The 1920s Anti-Yaws Campaigns and Colonial Medical Policy in Kenya," The International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 3 (1987): 417-35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/219687 C.J.D. Duder and C.P. Youe, "Paice's Place: Race and Politics in Nanyuki District, Kenya, in the 1920s," African Affairs 93, no. 371 (April 1994): 253-78. https://www.jstor.org/stable/723844 Martin S. Shanguhyia, "Integrating African Traditions in Environmental Control in Western Kenya: Contradictions and Failure in Colonial Policy, 1920-1963," The International Journal of African Historical Studies 49, no.1 (2016): 23-52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44715441 John Overton, "The Origins of the Kikuyu Land Problem: Land Alienation and Land Use in Kiambu, Kenya, 1895-1920," African Studies Review 31, no.2 (September 1988): 109-26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/524421

Reading Tea Leaves:

Laurel Dalrymple, "For Centuries, People Have Searched For Answers In The Bottom Of A Tea Cup," NPR (1 September 2015), https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/09/01/434621010/for-centuries-people-have-searched-for-answers-in-the-bottom-of-a-tea-cup . Cicely Kent, Telling Fortunes By Tea Leaves: How to Read Your Fate in a Teacup (New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company, 1922. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Telling_Fortunes_by_Tea_Leaves/lrY2y1zHnWoC?hl=en&gbpv=0 Nicholas J. Crowley and Charles William Sharpe, "An old fortune-teller is reading a young woman's fortune by looking at tea leaves at the bottom of a cup." Engravings (1842). https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.24858455

Film Background:

Roger Ebert, "Cold Comfort Farm," RogerEbert.com (24 May 1996). https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/cold-comfort-farm-1996 Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1071769-cold_comfort_farm Wiki for John Schlesinger: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Schlesinger Wiki for the film: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Comfort_Farm_(film)

Jell-O and Jellies:

Macedoine and Other Eccentric Jellies, Food History Jottings: http://foodhistorjottings.blogspot.com/2013/06/macedoine-and-other-eccentric-victorian.html A High Victorian Dessert at Harewood: https://www.historicfood.com/events%202009-10.html Brette Warshaw, "Fancy Jello Dishes During the Great Depression," Food52, available at https://food52.com/blog/7616-fancy-jell-o-during-the-great-depression Sarah Grey, "The Social History of Jell-o Salad: The Rise and Fall of an American Icon," Serious Eats, available at https://www.seriouseats.com/history-of-jell-o-salad Emma Grahn and Caitlin Kearney, "Tasting the 1930s: An Experiment with Congealed Salads and Other One-Dish Wonders," National Museum of American History, available at https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/tasting-1930s-experiment-congealed-salads-and-other-one-dish-wonders Carolyn Wyman, "Jello: A Biography," Harvest Books, 2001.

Girl Guides:

Richard A. Voeltz, "The Antidote to Khaki Fever? The Expansion of British Girl Guides During the First World War," Journal of Contemporary History 27, 4 (1992) "100 Years of Girl Guides," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/society/gallery/2009/aug/21/girl-guides-centenary

This week we're traveling back to 1940s LA with Zoot Suit! Join us to learn more about the zoot suit style, the history of the word "Chicano", the CIO's work on the Sleepy Lagoon murder trial, and the real fate of main character Henry Leyvas. *

*Note: Sofia would like to let readers know that she had a long day prior to recording this and was bitten by the "um" bug, so thank you for your understanding.

Sources:

Film Background: Siskel and Ebert Review, Zoot Suit: https://siskelebert.org/?p=7033 Center Theater Group, "How 'Zoot Suit' Changed Theater Forever." https://www.centertheatregroup.org/news-and-blogs/news/2017/january/how-zoot-suit-changed-theatre-forever/ Robert Ito, "Zoot Suit, a Pioneering Play, Comes Full Circle," New York Times, available at https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/theater/zoot-suit-a-pioneering-chicano-play-comes-full-circle.html Zoot Suit, IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083365/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0

Chicano:

Google Books Ngram, Chicano: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=chicano&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cchicano%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cchicano%3B%2Cc0 Jose Limon, "The Folk Performance of Chicano and the Cultural Limits of Political Ideology," Unpublished working paper, UCLA. Code Switch, "You Say Chicano, I Say. . ." Available at https://www.npr.org/transcripts/718703438

Henry Leyvas:

"Enrique "Henry" Reyes Leyvas (1923-1971)," American Experience, PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/zoot-enrique-henry-reyes-leyvas/. "Sleepy Lagoon Trial: The Sleepy Lagoon Murder Trial of 12," Zoot Suit Discovery Guide. https://research.pomona.edu/zootsuit/en/trial/ . Sleepy Lagoon Trial Photos: https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog?f%5Bsubject_sim%5D%5B%5D=Sleepy+Lagoon+Trial%2C+Los+Angeles%2C+1942-1943&sort=title_alpha_numeric_ssort+asc

Zoot Suits:

Kathy Peiss, Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhn0m Stuart Cosgrove, "The Zoot-Suit and Style Warfare," History Workshop 18 (1984): 77-91. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4288588. Steve Chibnall, "Whistle and Zoot: The Changing Meaning of a Suit of Clothes," History Workshop 20 (1985): 56-81. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4288649. Ralph H. Turner and Samuel J. Surace, "Zoot-Suiters and Mexicans: Symbols in Crowd Behavior," American Journal of Sociology 62, no.1 (1956): 14-20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2773799. Catherine S. Ramirez, "Crimes of Fashion: The Pachuca and Chicana Style Politics," Meridians 2, no.2 (2002): 1-35. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40338497. Catherine S. Ramirez, "Saying "Nothin": Pachucas and the Languages of Resistance," Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 27, no.3 (2006): 1-33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4137381.

Alice McGrath:

PBS, American Experience, "Zoot Suit Riots": https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/zoot/#transcript Joan Trossman Bien, "Outlaw Activist: Alice McGrath Turns 90," Ventura County Reporter, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20080606170822/http://www.vcreporter.com/cms/story/detail/?id=4917&IssueNum=133 Carlos Larralde, "Josefina Fierro and the Sleepy Lagoon Crusade, 1942-1945," Southern California Quarterly 92, 2 (2010) V. Ruiz, "Una Mujer Sin Fronteras," Pacific Historical Review 73, 1 (2004) Kenneth C Burt, "The Power of a Mobilized Citizenry and Coalition Politics: The 1949 Election of Edward R. Roybal to the Los Angeles City Council," Southern California Quarterly 85, 4 (2003)

This week we're traveling back to. . . um. . . well, let's just go with Old Timey Times, because we're talking about 2018's Ophelia! Join us to learn more about queens who have murdered their husbands, medieval clothing, conflicts between Norway and Denmark, how people in the Middle Ages talked about Adam and Eve, lots of discussion of when the heck this is taking place, and more!

Sources:

Background:

Nell Minow, "Ophelia" RogerEbert.com (28 June 2019), https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/ophelia-2019. Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/ophelia_2019 IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5690810/

Queens Who Murdered Their Kings:

Hadley Meares, "6 Spurned Royal Women Who Triumphed Over Their Husbands," History (22 August 2018). https://www.history.com/news/spurned-women-who-triumphed-over-their-royal-husbands Melody Kramer, "World Leaders Who Killed Their Lovers," National Geographic (30 August 2013). https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/130830-kings-execution-royalty-henry-kim-jung-un-north-korea Carolyn Harris, "Medieval Mothers Had to Marry and Murder to Get Their Way," Smithsonian Magazine (12 May 2017). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/medieval-mothers-had-marry-and-murder-get-their-way-180963282/ John Cannon, "Cnut," "Emma of Normandy," and "Edward," A Dictionary of British History (Oxford University Press, 2015). "Edward the Confessor (c.1003-1066)," https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/edward_confessor.shtml "Emma of Normandy," The British Library, https://www.bl.uk/people/queen-emma https://denmark.dk/people-and-culture/monarchy

Norwegian Conflicts with Denmark:

"The Kalmar Union," Encyclopedia Britannica, available at https://www.britannica.com/place/Kalmar-Union Timeline of Danish History, Lonely Planet: https://www.lonelyplanet.com/denmark/background/history/timeline/a/nar/2bc06199-020c-4d0c-b085-b183b55a7372/358836 Michael Price, "Thousand Year Old Viking Fortress Reveals Technologically Advanced Society," Science.com, available at https://www.science.org/content/article/thousand-year-old-viking-fortress-reveals-technologically-advanced-society "Duchy of Estonia," https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/902054

The Fall of Eve:

John Flood, Representations of Eve in Antiquity and the English Middle Ages (Routledge, 2010). Eric Jager, The Tempter's Voice: Language and the Fall in Medieval Literature (Cornell University Press, 1993), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv2n7jmw.13. National Museum of Denmark, "Christianity comes to Denmark," https://en.natmus.dk/historical-knowledge/denmark/prehistoric-period-until-1050-ad/the-viking-age/religion-magic-death-and-rituals/christianity-comes-to-denmark/.

Medieval Fashion:

Fashion History Timeline, 1400-1409, available at https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1400-1409/ Illustration from the Hortus Deliciarum, 1180, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bliaut#/media/File:Hortus_Deliciarum_Grammatica.jpg Robert Campin, Portrait of a Woman, 1430-1435, available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimple#/media/File:RCampin.jpg Laird Borrelli-Persson, "Romance Isn't Dead. The Proof? Massimo Cantini Parrini's Costumes for Ophelia," Vogue, available at https://www.vogue.com/article/costume-designer-massimo-cantini-parrini-on-creating-looks-for-the-movie-ophelia "Barbette", Fashion History Timeline, available at https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/barbette/ Rosalie's Medieval Women, Tippets and Lappets, available at https://rosaliegilbert.com/tippets.html Katharine Baetjer, "British Portraits: In the Metropolitan Museum of Art," The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 57, 1 (1999) Jayne Wackett, "Women in the Medieval Wall Paintings of Canterbury Cathedral," in Gender in Medieval Places, Spaces, and Thresholds, ed. Victoria Blud, Diane Heath, and Einat Klafter (London: University of London Press, 2019)

Grab a martini, because this week we're traveling back to 1930s London with Bright Young Things! Join us to learn more about 30s cocktail culture, the so-called King of Anatolia, interwar newspaper magnates, American evangelists in the UK, Armistice day poppies, and more!

Sources:

Cocktails: Harry Craddock, Savoy Cocktail Book, 1930 Edition. Full Text Available at https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1930-The-Savoy-Cocktail-Book International Bartenders' Association, Official Website: https://iba-world.com/iba-official-cocktail-list/

Lord Beaverbrook:

Laura Beers, "Education or Manipulation?: Labour, Democracy, and the Popular Press in Interwar Britain," Journal of British Studies 48, 1 (2009) Laura Beers, "Punting on the Thames: Electoral Betting in Interwar Britain," Journal of Contemporary History 45, 2 (2010) Alan Travis, Bound and Gagged: A Secret History of Obscenity in Britain (Profile Books, 2000) Gary Love, "The Periodical Press and the Intellectual Culture of Conservatism in Interwar Britain," 57 (4) 2014 JM McEwen, "The Press and the Fall of Asquith," The Historical Journal 21, 4 (1978)

The King of Anatolia:

Patrick J. Kriger, "Six Reasons Why the Ottoman Empire Fell," History https://www.history.com/news/ottoman-empire-fall "Abdulmejid II" Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmejid_II M. Sukru Hanoiglu, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire (Princeton University Press, 2008), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7t314.13 Mona Hassan, Longing for the Lost Caliphate: A Transregional History (Princeton University Press, 2016), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1q1xrgm.6 . https://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/mehmedvi.htm

Evangelicals in the UK:

"History" National Association of Evangelicals https://www.nae.org/about-nae/history/ British Pathe "Kentucky Singers (1930)" YouTube, https://youtu.be/M5lb-4oWc14 Roberta Freund Schwartz, "Preaching the Gospel of the Blues: Blues Evangelists in Britain," Cross the Water Blues: African American Music in Europe ed. Neil A. Wynn (University of Mississippi Press, 2007), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2tvbm7.12 Guido Van Rijn, "Lowland Blues: The Reception of African American Blues and Gospel Music in the Netherlands," Cross the Water Blues, https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2tvbm7.16 Hans Krabbendam, Saving the Overlooked Continent: American Protestant Missions in Western Europe, 1940-1975 (Leuven University Press, 2020), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1595mtj.5 Kira Thurman, "Singing the Civilizing Mission in the Land of Bach; Beethoven; and Brahms: The Fisk Jubilee Singers in Nineteenth-Century Germany," Journal of World History 27:3 (September 2016): 443-471. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44631474 Brian Ward, "Music, Musical Theater, and the Imagined South in Interwar Britain," The Journal of Southern History 80:1 (February 2014): 39-72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23796843

Poppies:

James Fox, "Poppy Politics: Remembrance of Things Present," in Cultural Heritage Ethics: Between Theory and Practice ed. Constantine Sandis (Open Book Publishers, 2014), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1287k16.8 . Jon Dean, "Poppy Fascism," The Good Glow: Charity and the Symbolic Power of Doing Good (Bristol University Press, 2020), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv123x5b8.11 Sarah Freeland, "The Poppy Lady: Moina Michael started a movement for veterans," UGA Today (5 November 2017). https://news.uga.edu/poppy-lady-moina-michael/ John McCrae, "In Flanders Fields," Poetry Foundation, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47380/in-flanders-fields

Film Background:

BBC Interview with Stephen Fry: https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2003/09/30/stephen_fry_bright_young_things_interview.shtml Roger Ebert review of Bright Young Things: https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/bright-young-things-2004 Bright Young Things Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright_Young_Things_(film) https://www.bl.uk/20th-century-literature/articles/the-bright-young-things-behind-the-party-mask

This week we travel back to 18th century France with Portrait of a Lady on Fire! Join us as we talk about female artists, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, herbal abortifacients, flying ointment (aka "the armpit scene") and more!

Sources:

Female Painters:

Laura Auricchio, "Eighteenth-Century Women Painters in France," The Met Museum (October 2004), https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/18wa/hd_18wa.htm Cath Pound, "The great women artists that history forgot," BBC (19 October 2016), https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20161019-the-great-women-artists-that-history-forgot Heidi A. Strobel, "Royal "matronage" of Women Artists in the Late-18th Century," Woman's Art Journal 26:2 (2005-2006): 3-9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3598091 Catherine R. Montfort, "Self-Portraits, Portraits of Self: Adelaide Labille-Guiard and Elisabeth Vigee Lebrun, Women Artists of the Eighteenth Century," Pacific Coast Philology 40:1 (2005): 1-18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25474166 Laura Auricchio, "Self-Promotion in Adelaide Labille-Guiard's 1785 Self-Portrait with Two Students," 89:1 (March 2007): 45-62. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25067300

The Four Seasons:

Betsy Schwarm, "Why should you listen to Vivaldi's "Four Seasons"? - Betsy Schwarm," TED-Ed YouTube (24 October 2016), https://youtu.be/Xcpc8VDsv3c "VIVALDI: "Four Seasons" Sonnets texts in Italian & English," https://www.baroquemusic.org/vivaldiseasons.html https://www.charlottesymphony.org/blog/vivaldis-four-seasons-poems/

Film Background: Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/portrait_of_a_lady_on_fire Ela Bittencourt, "Portrait of a Lady on Fire: Daring to See," The Criterion Collection (23 June 2020), https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6991-portrait-of-a-lady-on-fire-daring-to-see Mark Kermode, "Portrait of a Lady on Fire review - mesmerised by the female gaze," The Guardian (1 March 2020), https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/mar/01/portrait-of-a-lady-on-fire-review-celine-sciamma "The Fine Brushstrokes Of 'Portrait Of A Lady On Fire'" NPR https://www.npr.org/2020/02/24/809112455/the-fine-brushstrokes-of-portrait-of-a-lady-on-fire Hilary Weaver, "Portrait of a Lady On Fire Is A Queer Survival Guide To Self-Isolation," ELLE (28 March 2020), https://www.elle.com/culture/movies-tv/a31965622/portrait-of-a-lady-on-fire-self-isolation-coronavirus-guide/ Carlos Aguilar, "Love Dialogue: Celine Sciamma on Portrait of a Lady on Fire," (12 February 2020) https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/love-dialogue-c%C3%A9line-sciamma-on-portrait-of-a-lady-on-fire Drew Gregory, "Celine Sciamma on "Portrait of a Lady on Fire," the Lesbian Gaze, and Queer TV That Gives Her Hope," Autostraddle (12 February 2020), https://www.autostraddle.com/celine-sciamma-on-portrait-of-a-lady-on-fire-the-lesbian-gaze-and-queer-tv-that-gives-her-hope/ https://www.telerama.fr/ecrans/regardez-le-brulant-portrait-de-la-jeune-fille-en-feu-de-celine-sciamma-sur-arte.tv-6966315.php

Herbal Abortifacients:

Boyce Rensberger, "Pharmacology," Washington Post, 25 July 1994, available at https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/25/pharmacology/573a3a65-8038-482c-9097-0cf992d72929/ Londa Schiebinger, "Agnotology and Exotic Abortifacients: The Cultural Production of Ignorance in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 149, 3 (2005) John M. Riddle and J. Worth Estes, "Oral Contraceptives in Ancient and Medieval Times," American Scientist 80, 3 (1992) John m. Ridde, J. Worth Estes, and Josiah C. Russell, "Ever Since Eve. . . Birth Control in the Ancient World," Archaeology 47, 2 (1994) Lucille F. Newman, "Ophelia's Herbal," Economic Botany 33, 2 (1979) BTM, "Early Abortifacients," Pharmacy in History 35, 2 (1993)

Flying Ointment: Karsten Fatur, "Peculiar Plants and Fantastic Fungi: An Ethnobotanical Study of the Use of Hallucinogenic Plants and Mushrooms in Slovenia." PLOS One 16 (1) 2021 David MJ Carruthers, "Lines of Flight: An Enquiry Into the Properties of the Magical Plant, It's Literature and History," Mosaic, an Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 48, 2 (2015) Clive Harper, "The Witches' Flying Ointment," Folklore 88, 1 (1977) Michael Ostling, "Witches' Herbs on Trial," Folklore 125, 2 (2014) Danielle Piomelli and Antonino Pollio, "In Upupa O Strige: A Study in Renaissance Psychotropic Plant Ointments," History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 16, 2 (1994)

Horror fans rejoice, because this week we're talking about The Witch! Join us to learn more about what you had to do to get expelled from Puritan communities, ritual uses of baby blood, apples, the Song of Songs, and more! 

Content warning: Infanticide

Sources:

Film Background:

Stephen Saito, "Persistence of Vision: Inside the Making of the Witch, a Horror Classic for the Ages," MovieMaker, available at https://www.moviemaker.com/persistence-of-vision-the-witch-robert-eggers/ Kevin Fallon, "The Witch: The Making of the Year's Scariest Movie," Daily Beast, available at https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-witch-the-making-of-the-years-scariest-movie Simon Abrams, "The Witch," Rogerebert.com, available at https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-witch-2016

Song of Songs: NIV Study Bible William Phipps, "The Plight of the Song of Songs," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 42, 1 (1974) Belden C. Lane, "Two Schools of Desire: Nature and Marriage in Seventeenth-Century Puritanism," Church History 69, 2 (2000) Julie Sievers, "Refiguring the Song of Songs: John Cotton's 1655 Sermon and the Antinomian Controversy," New England Quarterly 76, 1 (2003)

Expulsion from Puritan Communities: Transcript of the Trial of Anne Hutchinson, 1637: http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/WebPub/history/mckayunderstanding1e/0312668872/Primary_Documents/US_History/Transcript%20of%20the%20Trial%20of%20Anne%20Hutchinson.pdf Nan Goodman, "Banishment, Jurisdiction, and Identity in Seventeenth-Century New England: The Case of Roger Williams," Early American Studies 7, 1 (2009) Ben Barker-Benfield, "Anne Hutchinson and the Puritan Attitude Toward Women," Feminist Studies 1, 2 (1972) James F. Cooper Jr. "Anne Hutchinson and the 'Lay Rebellion' Against Clergy," New England Quarterly 61, 3 (1988) Richard J. Ross, "The Career of Puritan Jurisprudence," Law and History Review 26, 2 (2008)

Witchcraft and Baby Blood: Lyndal Roper, Witch Craze Lindemann, Anti-Semitism Before the Holocaust Bucholz and Key, Early Modern England David D. Hall, Witch-Hunting in Seventeenth-Century New England: A Documentary History 1638-1693, second edition (Duke University Press, 1999). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv11hph70.6 Lyndal Roper, "'Evil Imaginings and Fantasies': Child-Witches and the End of the Witch Craze," Past & Present 167 (May 2000): 107-139. https://www.jstor.org/stable/651255 Robert Blair St. George (ed.), Possible Pasts: Becoming Colonial in Early America (Cornell University Press, 2000). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1fxmmf.11 Deborah Kelly Kloepfer, "Cotton Mather's "Dora": The Case History of Mercy Short," Early American Literature 44:1 (2009): 3-38. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27750112 Aviva Briefel, "Devil in the Details: The Uncanny History of The Witch (2015)," Film & History: An Interdisciplinary Journal 49:1 (Summer 2019). Mary Beth Norton, "Witchcraft in the Anglo-American Colonies," OAH Magazine of History 17:4 (July 2003): 5-10. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25163614

Apples: "9 Things You Didn't Know About New England's Favorite Autumn Fruit," NPR (19 September 2014). https://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2014/09/18/apples-boston Rowan Jacobsen, "Apples: A New England History," Harvard Museum of Natural History, YouTube (16 January 2019). https://youtu.be/9C4yTA_hUmE https://www.beaconhillhousehistories.org/blog/blacksstone David Shulman, "Apples in America," American Speech 29:1 (1954): 77-79. https://www.jstor.org/stable/453602 https://www.newportthisweek.com/articles/a-century-of-bountiful-fruit/

This week we're traveling back to 1950s Detroit with No Sudden Move! Join us to learn more about organized crime in Detroit, breakfast cereal, 20th century name changing patterns, air pollution in Los Angeles, and more!

Sources:

"Way Worse"

Google Ngram: https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=way+worse&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true

Breakfast Cereal:

Anna Kang, "The Untold Truth of Honey Smacks," Mashed, https://www.mashed.com/203798/the-untold-truth-of-honey-smacks/ Wiki: "Honey Smacks," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey_Smacks Joel Stice, "The Untold Truth of Trix," Mashed, https://www.mashed.com/198934/the-untold-truth-of-trix/ Natasha Bruns, "Celebrating 60 Years of the Trix Rabbit," https://blog.generalmills.com/2019/08/celebrating-60-years-of-trix-rabbit/ "The Origin of the "Trix Rabbit,"" https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/the-origin-of-the-trix-rabbit/ Suzanne Raga, "11 Colorful Facts You Might Not Know About Trix," Mental Floss, https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/74134/11-colorful-facts-you-might-not-know-about-trix-cereal EA Wartella, AH Lichtenstein, and CS Boon (eds.), "History of Nutrition Labeling," Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Phase I Report, Institute of Medicing (US) Committee on Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols (Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2010). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209859/

Air Pollution in LA:

"History of Reducing Air Pollution in the United States," EPA, https://www.epa.gov/transportation-air-pollution-and-climate-change/accomplishments-and-success-air-pollution-transportation Sarah Gardner, "LA Smog: the battle against air pollution," Marketplace NPR, https://www.marketplace.org/2014/07/14/la-smog-battle-against-air-pollution/ Bennet Goldstein and Howell Howard, "Antitrust Law and the Control of Auto Pollution: Rethinking the Alliance between Competition and Technical Progress," Environmental Law 10:3 (Spring 1980): 517-558. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43265516 Randy Alfred, "Attack of the L.A. Smog Archives," WIRED (26 jULY 2010). https://www.wired.com/2010/07/gallery-smog/ Sarah S. Elkind, "Influence through Cooperation: The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce and Air Pollution Control in Los Angeles, 1943-1954," in How Local Politics Shape Federal Policy: Business, Power, and the Environment in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles, 52-82 (Unviersity of North Carolina Press, 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9780807869116_elkind.7 David Vogel, "Protecting Air Quality," in California Greenin': How the Golden State Became an Environmental Leader, 154-188, (Princeton University Press, 2018). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvc77k1p.9 James M. Lents and William J. Kelly, "Clearing the Air in Los Angeles," Scientific American 269:4 (October 1993): 32-39. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24941646

Organized Crime:

Robert A. Rockaway, "The Notorious Purple Gang: Detroit's All-Jewish Prohibition Era Mob," Shofar 20, 1 (2001) Giacomo "Black Jack" Tocco: The Last of the Old Detroit Partnership. American Mafia History. Available at https://americanmafiahistory.com/giacomo-black-jack-tocco/ "FBI Detroit History," FBI.gov, available at https://www.fbi.gov/history/field-office-histories/detroit

Name Changes:

An Anonymous Jewish American, "I Changed My Name," The Atlantic, 1948, available at https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1948/02/i-changed-my-name/306252/ Kirsten Fermaglich, "What's Uncle Sam's Last Name? Jews and Name Changing in New York City During the WWII Era," Journal of American History 102, 3 (2015) Kirsten Fermaglich, "Too Long, Too Foreign. . . Too Jewish: Jews, Name Changing, and Family Mobility in New York City, 1917-1942," Journal of American Ethnic History 34, 3 (2015)

Film Background:

IMDB https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11525644/ Rotten Tomatoes https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/no_sudden_move Brian Tallerico, "No Sudden Move" (1 July 2021), https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/no-sudden-move-movie-review-2021

This week we're traveling back to the Revolutionary Era. . . but also kinda the 19th century. . . and also the reign of James I (?) with America: The Motion Picture! Join us to learn more about Samuel Adams, motivational posters, John 3:16, Benedict Arnold, and more!

Sources:

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty:

Philip G. Davidson, "Sons of Liberty and Stamp Men," The North Carolina Historical Review 9:1 (January 1932): 38-56, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23514881 Benjamin H. Irvin, "Tar, Fearthers, and the Enemies of American Liberties, 1768-1776," The New England Quarterly 76:2 (June 2003): 197-238. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559903 Paulina Maier, "Coming to Terms with Samuel Adams," The American Historical Review 81:1 (February 1976): 12-37, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1863739 . "Sons of Liberty," Boston Tea Party Ships & Museum https://www.bostonteapartyship.com/sons-of-liberty Patrick J. Kiger, "Who Were the Sons of Liberty?" History, https://www.history.com/news/sons-of-liberty-members-causes "Samuel Adams," National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/bost/learn/historyculture/samuel-adams.htm Erick Trickey, "The Story Behind a Forgotten Symbol of the American Revolution: The Liberty Tree," Smithsonian Magazine (19 May 2016), https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/story-behind-forgotten-symbol-american-revolution-liberty-tree-180959162/ . Malinda Maynor Lowery, "Disposed to Fight to Their Death," The Lumbee Indians: An American Struggle (University of North Carolina Press, 2018), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5149/9781469646398_lowery.10 . Brad A. Jones, "Liberty Triumphant: The Stamp Act Crisis in the British Atlantic," Resisting Independence: Popular Loyalism in the Revolutionary British Atlantic (Cornell University Press, 2021), https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv10crcq5.5

Motivational Posters:

"Hang in there, Baby," Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_in_there,_Baby Katrina Martin, "Motivation station: A look at worksplace motivational posters from the 1920s," The Devil's Tale: Dispatches from the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University Libraries (18 December 2014). https://blogs.library.duke.edu/rubenstein/2014/12/18/motivation-posters/ Gordon Grant, "'Hang in There' Creator Does," Los Angeles Times (3 September 1978), B1, B12. Carolyn Zola, "Think "I" And You Work Alone: Mather Constructive Character Posters and the Advertising of Self-Mastery," Berkeley Undergraduate Journal 28:1 (2015). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jh651qb

John 3:16 NIV Study Bible Daniel Dreisbach, "Bible," Mount Vernon Museum. Available at https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/bible/

Film Background: Ethan Anderton, Interview with Matt Thompson. SlashFilm. Available at https://www.slashfilm.com/america-the-motion-picture-director-matt-thompson-interview/ America: The Motion Picture. Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/america_the_motion_picture Steve Green, Review of America: The Motion Picture. IndieWire. Available at https://www.indiewire.com/2021/06/america-the-motion-picture-review-netflix-animated-movie-1234647652/

Benedict Arnold: Mark Edward Lender and James Kirby Martin, "A Traitor's Epiphany: Benedict Arnold and the Quest for Virginia," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 125, 4 (2017) Jessica Robinson, "Benedict Arnold: American Hero, American Villain," On Point 18, 1 (2012) Charles Royster, "The Nature of Treason: Revolutionary Virtue and American Reactions to Benedict Arnold," William and Mary Quarterly 36, 2 (1979) Nathaniel Philbrick, "Why Benedict Arnold Turned Traitor Against the American Revolution," Smithsonian Magazine, available at https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/benedict-arnold-turned-traitor-american-revolution-180958786/

Today we're traveling back to 1930s Spain with The Devil's Backbone! Join us to learn about human specimen preservation, mammoth hunting, the children of leftists in the Spanish Civil War, aerial bombing of Barcelona and other major cities, and more!

Sources:

Film Background:

Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Backbone Criterion Collection: https://www.criterion.com/films/27914-the-devil-s-backbone Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/devils_backbone Mark Kermode, "The Devil's Backbone: The Past Is Never Dead..." Criterion Essays (30 July 2013). https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2850-the-devil-s-backbone-the-past-is-never-dead Dariel Figueroa, "How The World's Biggest Director Saved Guillermo del Toro's Dad From Kidnappers," Uproxx (10 October 2014). https://uproxx.com/movies/guillermo-del-toro-kidnapped-father/

Children of Leftists:

Katya Adler, "Spain's stolen babies and the families who lived a lie," BBC (18 October 2011). https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15335899 Lucia Benavides, "How Spanish Women Were Allegedly Targeted In 'Stolen babies' Cases For Decades," NPR (17 August 2018). https://www.npr.org/2018/08/17/639226190/how-spanish-women-were-allegedly-targeted-in-stolen-babies-cases-for-decades Peter Anderson, "The Struggle over the Evacuation to the United Kingdom and Repatriation of Basque Refugee Children in the Spanish Civil War: Symbols and Souls," Journal of Contemporary History 52:2 (April 2017): 297-318. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44504017 Hywel Davies, Fleeing Franco: How Wales gave shelter to refugee children from the Basque country during the Spanish Civil War (University of Wales Press, 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qhdfv.2 "Learn: Forgotten Stories of Basque Child Refugees in England," https://www.unhcr.org/uk/refugeeweek/havens-east/ Frank Schauff, "Fates formed by the Spanish Civil War. Recent books on exiled children, prisoners of concentration camps and Interbrigadistas," Iberoamericana 3: 10 (June 2003): 189-191. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41673209 Jesus Alonso Carballes, "Los "Ninos de la Guerra" o las Huellas del Exilio Infantil de la Guerra Civil en el Espacio Publico," Historia Social 76 (2013): 107-124. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23496333

Limbo Water:

Julie V. Hansen, "Resurrecting Death: Anatomical Art in the Cabinet of Dr. Frederick Ruysch," The Art Bulletin 78, 4 (1996) Alvar Martinez-Vidal and Jose Pardo-Tomas, "Anatomical Theatres and the Teaching of Anatomy in Early Modern Spain," Medical HIstory 49, 3 (2005) Sue Anne Prince, et al "Stuffing Birds, Pressing Plants, Shaping Knowledge: Natural History in North America, 1730-1860," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 93, 4 (2003) Michael G. Rhode, "The Rise and Fall of the Army Medical Museum and Library," Washington History 18, 1/2 (2006)

Hunting Mammoths:

Brigit Katz, "Two Traps Where Woolly Mammoths Were Driven to Their Deaths Found in Mexico," Smithsonian Magazine (8 November 2019). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/found-mexico-two-traps-where-woolly-mammoths-were-driven-their-deaths-180973522/ AP Archive, "Human-built "mammoth traps" rewrite Mexico's early history," AP Archive YouTube (22 May 2020). https://youtu.be/q9Q7to6kx3Y Melvin Konner, "Scientific Tools Bring to Life a Mammoth Hunt," The Wall Street Journal (14 April 2016). https://www.wsj.com/articles/scientific-tools-bring-to-life-a-mammoth-hunt-1460646482 Jaroslaw Wilczynski, Piotr Wojtal, Martin Oliva, Krzysztof Sobczyk, Gary Haynes, Janis Limowicz, and Gyorgy Lengyel, "Mammoth hunting strategies during the Late Gravettian in Central Europe as determined from case studies of Milovice I (Czech Republic) and Krakow Spadzista (Poland)," Quaternary Science Reviews 223 (1 November 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105919 W.D. Strong, "North American Indian Traditions Suggesting a Knowledge of the Mammoth," American Anthropologist 36:1 (Jan.-Mar. 1934): 81-88. https://www.jstor.org/stable/661759 "Uncovers Evidence of Early Mammoth Hunters," The Science News-Letter 27:722 (9 February 1935): 92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3912120

Aerial Bombing in the Spanish Civil War: Interactive Map, Bombs Dropped on Barcelona: http://btvdatalab.github.io/barcelona-800-dies-sota-bombes-/navegable.html Giles Tremlett, "Barcelona Pursues Italy Over 1938 Bombing," The Guardian, available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/27/barcelona-pursues-italy-1938-bombing "The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War," UCSD Collections, available at https://library.ucsd.edu/speccoll/visfront/ayuda.html Federico Lopez-Terra, "80 Years On From the Guernica Bombing and Spain is Still Struggling to Honour Historical Memory," The Conversation, available at https://theconversation.com/80-years-on-from-the-guernica-bombing-and-spain-is-still-struggling-to-honour-historical-memory-76238

This week we're traveling to all of space and time, pretty much, with Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure! Join us to learn more about Joan of Arc, Genghis Khan, the film's disturbingly accurate grasp of the history teaching experience, Socrates (it's under So-Crates), and more!

Sources:

Joan of Arc:

P. Charlier, J. Poupon, et al. "The 'relics of Joan of Arc': A forensic multidisciplinary analysis," Forensic Science International (Online) 194:1 (2010). DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.09.006 Drunk History, "Joan of Arc Leads an Army (feat. Vanessa Hudgens) - Drunk History" Comedy Central YouTube (12 July 2018). https://youtu.be/TSDjeTgXZlw History Editors, "Joan of Arc," HISTORY (10 March 2020). https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/saint-joan-of-arc Jennie Cohen, "7 Surprising Facts About Joan of Arc," HISTORY (22 February 2021). https://www.history.com/news/7-surprising-facts-about-joan-of-arc?li_source=LI&li_medium=m2m-rcw-history Giuseppe d'Orsi, Paolo Tinuper, ""I heard voices...": From semiology, a historical review, and a new hypothesis on the presumed epilepsy of Joan of Arc," Epilepsy & Behavior 9:1 (August 2006): 152-7. https://doi-org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.020 Barbara Schildkrout, "Joan of Arc--Hearing Voices," The American Journal of Psychiatry 174:12 (1 December 2017): 1153-1154. Daniel Hobbins, The Trial of Joan of Arc (Harvard University Press, 2005). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvjz82qq.5 John R. Hughes, "Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte: did he have seizures? Psychogenic or epileptic or both?" Epilepsy & Behavior 4:6 (December 2003): 793-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.09.005 Susan Signe Morrison, A Medieval Woman's Companion: Women's Lives in the European Middle Ages (Oxbow Books, 2016). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvh1dnb3.25 Gareth Williams, "Manipulation and the Maid: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orleans," Medieval Warfare 4:2 (2014): 25-32. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48578334 On Socrates' Daemon: https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/socrates-divine-sign-religion-practice-and-value-in-socratic-philosophy/ On visions of Mary: David Blackbourn, The Marpingen Visions: Rationalism, Religion, and the Rise of Modern Germany.

Genghis Khan: Jack Weatherford, Secret History of the Mongol Queens. Crown Press, 2010.

Did Socrates Really Say "Like Sands Through the Hourglass"?Dialogues of Plato, Translations available at https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/plato/index.htm Plato, The Republic Engines of Our Ingenuity, No. 1469: The Hourglass: https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1469.htm

Film Background: David Weiner, "How Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure Nearly Fell Apart," Hollywood Reporter https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/how-bill-teds-excellent-adventure-fell-apart-1186988/ Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure, Rotten Tomatoes: https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bill_and_teds_excellent_adventure Shaurya Thapa, "Strangest Behind the Scenes Stories from the Bill and Ted Movies," ScreenRant, available at https://screenrant.com/strangest-behind-scenes-stories-bill-ted-movies/