For a captioned version or to access the transcript and ask a question for our experts about this podcast episode, please visit: https://www.pharmaron.com/knowledge-center/dmpk-insights-15-pkpd-drug-discovery/

In this episode of the Pharmaron DMPK Insights Podcast Series, Simon Taylor and Dr. Emile Chen​ discuss the relationship of drug concentration and effect (PKPD). PKPD is critical to decision making from initial modality selection, through molecule optimization, translational science and clinical dosage planning. Simon and Emile discuss the concepts and practical applications of PKPD and explore the concept of model-based target pharmacology assessment in combination with physiologically based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PBPK-PD) modelling to improve decision making.*

* Model-based Target Pharmacology Assessment (mTPA): An Approach Using PBPK/PD Modeling and Machine Learning to Design Medicinal Chemistry and DMPK Strategies in Early Drug Discovery”, J Med Chem. 2021 Mar 25;64(6):3185-3196.​ 

We will address the following points:​ 

• What is PKPD and its importance throughout a discovery project lifecycle​ 
• How PKPD can be used to guide decision making including case study examples​ 
• How a combination of physiologically based pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling and machine learning (ML) can be used to elucidate the optimal combination of properties for the targeted pharmacology 

Our Moderator:

Simon Taylor – Vice President, Drug Discovery at Pharmaron  

Simon Taylor is Vice President of Drug Discovery and is based in Hoddesdon, UK. With over 27 years of industry experience, he is responsible for DMPK/ADME and PKPD strategy, including human extrapolation and PBPK modelling and simulation, for Pharmaron’s integrated drug discovery projects from early discovery through to IND submission. Before Pharmaron, Simon worked at GSK for 20 years, leading DMPK and Quantitative Pharmacology teams and projects from the Hit Identification stage through to the clinic. He has worked across respiratory, inflammation, oncology, and cardiovascular therapy areas with drugs of varying routes of administration. Simon has a BSc in Pharmacology from the University of Leeds and an MSc in Model Based Drug Development from the University of Manchester. He has co-authored over 30 scientific publications in the literature.  

Our Speakers:

Dr. Emile Chen – Formerly Director, Modeling and Translational Biology at GlaxoSmithKline 

Dr. Emile Chen has thirty years of industrial experience divided between early discovery involved in lead optimization and candidate selection, and late-stage development, including authoring and reviewing of regulatory documentation and NDA submission. Until March 2024, he was in the System Modeling and Translational Biology group, using PBPK, Mechanistic PKPD modeling, QSP, and machine learning techniques to solve project questions and thereby enhance scientific productivity.  

Emile received his undergraduate degree from the University of California, Los Angeles, and his PhD from Northwestern University in the field of Biomedical Engineering, specializing in the development of mathematical models for information processing in the brain. He began his pharmaceutical career at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1993, following a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco. He joined GlaxoSmithKline in 1996. Over the years, he has led ADME and PK groups at various times, supporting both early discovery and late development DMPK efforts. More recently, r

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For a captioned version or to access the transcript, please visit: https://www.pharmaron.com/knowledge-center/dmpk-insights-14-cns-modelling/

In this podcast, Scott Summerfield and Professor Elizabeth de Lange discuss the evolution of CNS drug disposition models, highlighting the increasing sophistication of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, such as LeiCNS-PK3.0. They discuss how these tools are enhancing our understanding of CNS drug distribution, predicting human pharmacokinetics, and supporting translational research across species.

We will address the following questions:

• What scientific needs led to the development of early CNS drug models?
• How have tools like microdialysis and PBPK modeling shaped current CNS pharmacokinetic models?
• What role does the unbound drug concentration (Kpuu) play in predicting CNS drug effects?
• How do modern models like LeiCNS-PK3.0 integrate complex physiological and pharmacodynamic data?
• What are the future research directions and translational opportunities in CNS PK/PD modeling?

Our Moderator:

Scott Summerfield – Executive Director Metabolism at Pharmaron

Scott Summerfield is the head of Metabolism, leading clinical and nonclinical radiolabeled ADME (Pharma and Environmental), in vivo support, imaging, as well as Discovery/Development and bioanalysis metabolite ID. Scott joined Pharmaron in 2022, having worked in the Pharmaceutical Industry for over 20 years, supporting both small and large molecule DMPK projects (Discovery and Development). He holds a PhD and a postdoctoral degree in protein mass spectrometry. He has published extensively in the areas of bioanalysis and the permeation of drugs across the blood-brain barrier.

Our Speaker:

Elizabeth de Lange – Professor Predictive Pharmacology at Leiden University

Elizabeth de Lange is a Professor in Predictive Pharmacology and Principal Investigator at the Research Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy of the Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR). With her team, she is helping to unravel the rate and extent of mechanisms that govern central nervous system (CNS) target site pharmacokinetics (PK) and related pharmacodynamics (PD), with a special emphasis on physiologically based (PB) translation between species and conditions. The ultimate aim is to have mathematical models that support CNS drug development (including reduction and replacement of nonclinical studies) and can predict the best possible treatment for CNS conditions in the individual patient (‘tailor-made’). Elizabeth has contributed over 160 peer-reviewed publications, delivered more than 170 invited lectures, and organized numerous conferences, symposia, courses, and workshops. She has had multiple leadership positions in scientific projects, also at LACDR, nationally with the NVF, in large international organizations (e.g., AAPS), and is currently the scientific coordinator of the EU consortium QSPainRelief. She has several roles on advisory board, provides both advice and consultancy, and alongside all of this Elizabeth contributes to education in the BioPharmaceutical Sciences bachelor’s and master courses. Among other honors, Elizabeth received the AAPS Fellow Award (2013), an Honorary Doctorate in Pharmacy from Uppsala University (2020), and the prestigious Sheiner Lecture Lifetime Achievement Award from ISOP (2020).

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For a captioned version or to access the transcript, please visit: https://www.pharmaron.com/knowledge-center/dmpk-insights-13-qsar-physicochemical-descriptors/

In this podcast, Scott Summerfield and Matt Segall will discuss QSAR and how in silico ADME science has evolved to influence Drug Design and improve the ADME properties of hit and lead compounds​.

We will address the following questions: 

• What were the drivers for the emergence of QSAR and Phys Chem Descriptors?​
• Today’s state-of-the art for ADME scientists to know about?​
• How will QSAR is likely to evolve in the near future​

Our Moderator:

Scott Summerfield – Executive Director Metabolism at Pharmaron

Scott Summerfield is the head of Metabolism, leading clinical and nonclinical radiolabeled ADME (Pharma and Environmental), in vivo support, imaging, as well as Discovery/Development and bioanalysis metabolite ID. Scott joined Pharmaron in 2022, having worked in the Pharmaceutical Industry for over 20 years, supporting both small and large molecule DMPK projects (Discovery and Development). He holds a PhD and a postdoctoral degree in protein mass spectrometry. He has published extensively in the areas of bioanalysis and the permeation of drugs across the blood-brain barrier.

Our Speaker:

Matt Segall – CEO at Optibrium

Matt Segall is the CEO of Optibrium. He holds a Master of Science in Computation from the University of Oxford and a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from the University of Cambridge. As Associate Director at Camitro (UK), ArQule Inc., and subsequently at Inpharmatica, he led a team in developing predictive ADME models and state-of-the-art, intuitive decision-support and visualization tools for drug discovery. In January 2006, he assumed responsibility for managing Inpharmatica’s ADME business, encompassing experimental ADME services and the StarDrop software platform. Following the acquisition of Inpharmatica, Matt became Senior Director responsible for BioFocus DPI’s ADMET division and, in 2009, led a management buyout of the StarDrop business to found Optibrium, which develops software and AI solutions for small molecule design, optimisation, and data analysis. Matt has published over 30 peer-reviewed papers and book chapters on computational chemistry, cheminformatics, and drug discovery.

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For a captioned version or to access the transcript, please visit: https://www.pharmaron.com/knowledge-center/dmpk-insights-12-bbb-transporters/

In this podcast, Elena and Mikko will discuss the current state-of-the-art around transporter sub-types and their expression within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and opportunities for utilizing these transporters for brain drug delivery. 

We will address the following questions: 

• Current knowledge of BBB transporters in health and disease 
• Approaches to utilize BBB transporters for brain drug delivery 
• What to consider while developing transporter-mediated drug delivery systems to the brain 
• Future development (anticipated and required) to further the field

Our Speakers:

Dr. Elena Puris – Academic Research Fellow and Associate Professor in Neuropharmacology at the University of Eastern Finland

Dr. Elena Puris is an associate professor of neuropharmacology and senior researcher at the University of Eastern Finland. During her PhD at the University of Eastern Finland and postdoctoral research at Heidelberg University, Elena developed a strong interest in blood-brain barrier transporters and their roles in drug delivery and disease pathogenesis. She has a multidisciplinary background in drug development and over 15 years of experience in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Elena’s main research focus is membrane transporters and their impact on drug delivery and biochemical processes in health and pathological conditions.

Dr. Mikko Gynther – Senior Researcher and Associate Professor in Biopharmacy at the University of Eastern Finland

Dr. Mikko Gynther is an associate professor of biopharmacy and senior researcher at the School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland. He obtained his PhD in pharmacy at the University of Eastern Finland on utilizing glucose and amino acid transporters for the CNS delivery of prodrugs. He has extensive experience spanning 20 years in transporter-mediated drug delivery and pharmacokinetics research. Mikko’s current research is focused on transporter-mediated drug delivery into the brain and cancer cells and utilizing proteomics to investigate disease-induced changes in drug transporters and enzymes.

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For a captioned version or to access the transcript, please visit https://www.pharmaron.com/knowledge-center/dmpk-podcast-11-gut-microbiome/.

In this podcast, Chris Bode (Pharmaron US Labs) interviews Peter Turnbaugh, a microbiologist and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of California San Francisco. Over the past 15-20 years, Peter has produced so much groundbreaking research in the endlessly fascinating field of the gut microbiome. His work is not limited to DMPK by any means, but in this episode, we discuss drug metabolism by gut bacteria and its impact on pharmacokinetics. Clinically, reduced efficacy and/or increased side effects observed in some patients can be attributed to the gut microbiome, including narrow therapeutic index drugs such as digoxin. You will come away with an appreciation for scientific creativity and the sometimes unexpected benefits of doing an experiment that everyone thinks is going to fail. We speculate on how much there is to learn about the possible interactions between the gut microbiome and drugs for obesity, including GLP1 agonists. Finally, we talk about some practical considerations in terms of studying bacterial drug metabolism in vitro.  

 The episode explores the following: 

• How important is the gut microbiome in terms of drug metabolism? 
• What do we know about the balance between control of the microbiome by the host and control of the host by the microbiome? 
• What are some of the challenges of studying gut bacterial drug metabolism in vitro? 
• Could gut bacteria play a role in the efficacy and/or side effects of GLP1 agonists such as semaglutide, used to treat obesity and diabetes? 

Speaker:

Peter J. Turnbaugh – Professor, Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the University of California

Peter J. Turnbaugh, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, the G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, and the Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. He is also a CZ Biohub-San Francisco Investigator. For the past two decades, his research has focused on the metabolic activities of the trillions of microbes that colonize our adult bodies. Dr. Turnbaugh and his research group use interdisciplinary approaches in preclinical models and human cohorts to study how the gut microbiome influences nutrition and pharmacology. He received a B.A. in Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology from Whitman College and a Ph.D. in Microbial Genetics and Genomics from Washington University in Saint Louis. From 2010-2014 he was a Bauer Fellow in the FAS Center for Systems Biology at Harvard University, where he established an independent research group before starting his faculty position at the University of California, San Francisco. Notable honors include the Kipnis Award in Biomedical Sciences, the Needleman Pharmacology Prize, the Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award, the Searle Scholars Award, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Disease Award, and fellowship in the American Academy of Microbiology.

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In this podcast Simon Taylor (Pharmaron UK) interviews Kevin Beaumont, a highly experienced DMPK scientist, leader and drug developer who has lived and breathed the role of the DMPK Project Representative throughout his 40-year industrial career.  With experience of delivering clinical drug candidates across multiple therapeutic areas with two major pharma companies (Pfizer and AstraZeneca) Kevin describes his entry into the role, the value of people, in roles as mentee and mentor, and the shift in emphasis of DMPK from a discipline supporting drug development to one driving drug discovery.  Covering key concepts related to project DMPK and minimising drug attrition this is a wide-ranging discussion with real life examples spanning discovery to clinical. 

The episode explores the following: 

• The key role of the DMPK Project Representative and required knowledge 
• Important concepts that have shaped DMPK drug design such as 
  • Physicochemical and application to drug design 
  • Free drug theory 
  • Human PK prediction, value and uncertainties 
  • Modalities  
• The role of DMPK in reducing drug failure in the clinic  
• Key individuals that have shaped DMPK science and Kevin’s career 
• The future of the DMPK Project Representative and the next generation  

Speaker:

Kevin Beaumont – Senior Director DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca 

Kevin has worked in the pharmaceutical industry for over 40 years in the fields of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, especially as it relates to drug discovery support. His major area of expertise is in the modulation of physicochemistry to affect drug disposition and in prediction of human pharmacokinetics from preclinical information. He is the author of over 50 peer reviewed publications.  

Kevin joined the Department of Drug Metabolism at Pfizer Sandwich UK in 1983, directly from his BSC in Biochemistry at the University of London.  Under the mentorship of Dr Dennis Smith Kevin’s early career involved developing a fundamental understanding of the basics of DMPK support to discovery and development projects. This included developing expertise in small molecule bioanalysis, completion of radiolabelled ADME studies and direct DMPK support to discovery and development projects.  

In 2011, Kevin transferred to Pfizer Inc in Boston Massachusetts, where he was responsible for DMPK/ADME support to the Cardiovascular, Inflammation and Immunology and Rare Disease Therapeutic Areas.  

In 2020 Kevin returned to the UK and is currently with AstraZeneca supporting Oncology R&D with DMPK expertise including modalities beyond small molecules. 

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In this podcast, listeners will join us in celebrating the remarkable career of Professor Amin Rostami, a trailblazer in the realms of PBPK and QSP. Following his 60th birthday, Professor Rostami will provide insights into his journey, the dynamic evolution of PBPK and QSP, and the exciting horizons ahead. Tune in for a deep dive into the intersections of academia and industry, technological advancements, and the invaluable lessons garnered throughout a pioneering career.

The episode explores the following:

• The key milestones and highlights of Professor Amin's career in PBPK and QSP
• The factors that initially captivated his interest in PBPK, and how the field evolved over the decades of his career
• The role of translational and systems pharmacology in shaping the future of drug development
• Balancing between academic and industry roles
• Advice to young scientists and researchers entering the field of PBPK

Speaker:

Amin Rostami-Hodjegan, PhD, FCP, FAAPS, FJSSX, FBPS – Professor of Systems Pharmacology & Director of Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), University of Manchester, UK. SVP of R&D, Chief Scientific Officer (CSO), Certara, Princeton, USA
The work of Professor Rostami covers wide areas of drug development over the last 30 years, ranging from pharmaceutics (e.g. bioavailability and bioequivalence) to clinical pharmacology (e.g. mixture pharmacology of drug/metabolites), translational and systems pharmacology (e.g. quantitative proteomics of enzymes and transporter for in vitro to in vivo (IVIVE) scaling). As the Director of Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR) at the University of Manchester, Amin collaborates with many pharmaceutical companies with a view to transfer latest scientific applications into modern drug development.  Amin was co-founder of two spin-off companies from the University of Sheffield (Simcyp Limited [now part of Certara Inc]) and Diurnal Limited [now part of Neurocrine Bioscience]). As a leader in the field of Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetics (PBPK) and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP), he is internationally recognized for his expertise in IVIVE to predict the behavior of drugs in human body and understanding the associated inter-individual variabilities. He was one of the founding editors of Pharmacometrics and System Pharmacology and serves on the Editorial Boards of several other journals. As the Senior Vice President of Research & Development (SVP) and Chief Scientific Officer at Certara, he facilitates the incorporation and integration of the latest advances in translational modelling to bio-simulation platforms offered by Certara to its clients, with the aim of accelerating the development and regulatory approval of safer drug products and bringing them to the patients. 

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In this podcast, Robert MacNeill, Professor Michael Bartlett of the University of Georgia and Dr. Guilherme Guimaraes of Biogen, will focus on oligonucleotide LC-MS covering the exciting key challenges, the pivotal nature of sensitivity in such assays, and the various analytical approaches and technologies that have been used, currently in use or being developed. 

The episode explores the following:

• How recent liquid chromatographic and mass spectral innovations have impacted the bioanalysis of these drug modalities
• Where innovation is taking us particularly in terms of the increasing profile of high-resolution mass spectrometry and the push toward chromatographic miniaturization

Speakers:

Michael G. Bartlett, Ph.D., FAAPS – University Professor, Associate Dean for Science Education, Research and Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia  – Professor, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction at Imperial College
Over the past 29 years at the University of Georgia, Dr. Bartlett's group has been involved in the development, validation and implementation of novel bioanalytical methodologies to advance biomedical research.  His laboratory works broadly in the areas of drug discovery, development and toxicology resulting in over 190 peer-reviewed publications in a wide variety of areas.  His research has been supported by the NIH, EPA, DOD, ACS and industry.   

One area where Dr. Bartlett's lab has gained particular notoriety is in the use of LC-MS to analyze oligonucleotides. This work began during his time at the University of Utah but has accelerated over the past 15 years. Dr. Bartlett's group has studied many aspects involved in the use of LC-MS to evaluate therapeutic oligonucleotides for quality control, bioanalysis, pharmacokinetics and metabolism. They have also adapted many of these approaches to analyze microRNAs as potential disease biomarkers.  Finally, they have actively worked with many companies on the use of LC-MS to determine oligonucleotides including Pfizer, Ionis, ProQR, Newomics and Waters.   

Guilherme Guimaraes – Scientist DMPK at Biogen
Dr. Guilherme (Gui) Guimaraes is a scientist in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics at Biogen. He is responsible for bioanalytical analysis of small molecules and antisense oligonucleotides.  Gui holds a Ph.D in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences and a masters in international biomedical regulatory sciences from the University of Georgia. His graduate work was focused on the application of novel analytical strategies to improve the chromatographic performance and sensitivity of oligonucleotide LC-MS methods. Some of these strategies include the use of low adsorption surfaces and HILIC microflow LC – nanoelectrospray MS.  

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In this podcast, Professor Ian Wilson, a globally recognised and leading expert in drug metabolism, with over 500 publications in the field, takes us on an engaging journey exploring the link between carboxylic acid containing drugs and their involvement in DILI. A special focus will be given to Ian’s latest paper: ‘Minimizing the DILI potential of carboxylic acid-containing drugs: a perspective’.

The episode explores the following:

• Are acyl glucuronides shouldering too much of the blame?
• Where else should we be looking?
• What are the possible risk mitigation strategies to reduce DILI with these chemotypes?

Speaker:

Ian Wilson – Professor, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction at Imperial College
Ian Wilson trained as a biochemist at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology UMIST) following this with a PhD in the Chemistry Dept. at Keele University on the gas chromatographic analysis of ecdysteroids (insect moulting hormones). Following a short period of postdoctoral research on HPLC-based methods for the analysis of penicillamine at University College in London he joined Pharma were he the embarked on a career in drug metabolism and bioanalysis is the pharmaceutical industry spanning over 30 years (beginning in 1979 at Hoechst, the ICI, Zeneca and AstraZeneca). On leaving AstraZeneca he joined Imperial College (London) in 2012 where he is currently a Visiting Professor of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology. More recently he has also been appointed as a visiting Prof at Liverpool University. As a biochemist turned analytical chemist, he tries to use advanced analytical methods, including those based on UHPLC and ion mobility separations to better characterize and understand biological systems. Currently these efforts are focused on high resolution, high throughput methods that can be applied to problems in metabolic phenotyping (metabonomics/metabolomics), drug metabolism/biochemical toxicology, systems biology and the microbiome. He is the author, or co-author, of over 600 papers, reviews or book chapters, and has received awards in separation and analytical science from the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Chromatographic Society amongst others.  

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In this podcast, Scott and John will discuss the LC-MS techniques that have been applied for the bioanalysis of biotherapeutics.

The episode explores the following:

• The impact that mass spectrometry is having in the biotherapeutics and biomarker space
• The rationale behind the use of LC-MS for certain biomarkers and how sensitive LC-MS assays can be developed (and the practical limits for lower limits of quantification that can be achieved)
• Developments in mass spectrometry that are expected to benefit the analysis of biomarkers and for biotherapeutics

Speaker:

John Mehl – Consultant 

John Mehl is currently consulting and previously worked as a director at GSK, leading the Protein MS group within the Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity and Biomarkers (BIB) department, Collegeville, PA. The group developed LC-MS assays for quantitative & qualitative analysis of biopharmaceuticals, protein & small molecule biomarkers and for the determination of in vivo protein turnover kinetics to support preclinical and clinical studies. Prior to joining GSK, John worked for BMS where he was a Sr. Principal Scientist focused on biomarker & large molecule quantification and characterization using MS.  John has a PhD degree in analytical chemistry from Vanderbilt University, postdoctoral training in protein MS from MIT and an MBA in business management from Temple University.  Before joining BMS, John worked for Merck in different analytical research areas including proteomics, small molecule DMPK, large molecule immunoassay method development and vaccine and biologics protein characterization, spanning both discovery and regulated laboratories.  He has published extensively on the use of hybrid LC-MS for both large and small molecule quantification.

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