What if one of the most important medical breakthroughs of the 20th century began with a dead cow and a desperate young farmer? That’s exactly what happened in 1933, when 21-year-old Ed Carlson arrived in Madison, Wisconsin, carrying a bucket of blood and a mystery that would eventually lead to the discovery of warfarin. This unlikely starting point sparked years of relentless research by biochemist Karl Paul Link and his team, fueled by scientific curiosity, institutional support, and an unshakable belief in the power of perseverance.

As we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), we’re shining a light on the remarkable intersection of science, history, and Wisconsin legacy that made this discovery possible. Our guest is acclaimed journalist and author Doug Moe, whose storytelling career spans four decades and includes thousands of columns and multiple award-winning biographies. His latest work, Saving Hearts and Killing Rats: Karl Paul Link and the Discovery of Warfarin, brings this fascinating journey to life and was recently honored as the “Wisconsin Book of the Month” by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

In our conversation, Doug shares how he was first approached to tell this story, why it took him years to finally dive in, and what he uncovered in Link’s letters, archives, and personal history. We’ll hear about the personalities, the persistence, and the politics that surrounded the development of warfarin and explore why the impact of WARF and university-driven innovation still resonates so powerfully a hundred years later.

In This Episode:

[01:59] Tom Link, the son of Carl Paul Link, brought Doug a stack of articles and papers about his dad. This was a decade ago. 

[03:24] Doug knew Carl Paul Link was somebody who needed a biography written. This is the perfect time to highlight innovation and university research and tech transfer.

[04:40] Link died in 1978, but the University of Wisconsin had an amazing archive of his work. Link was an avid letter writer. He would even put the time of his correspondence on his letters and it was often 2:30 in the morning.

[06:09] The incoming correspondence was also a treasure trove.

[07:24] Doug walks us through the story of the origin of warfarin, beginning with a dead cow and a bucket of blood. 

[09:02] There was a connection between sweet clover hay and cow's dying because their blood couldn't clot.

[10:15] Scientists spent six years trying to figure out why this was. They eventually discovered a hemorrhagic agent that they were able to reproduce synthetically.

[11:27] They faced many hurdles including how long it took to have success. Perseverance is at the top of the success list. 

[13:10] People doubted Link's story, but Ed Carlson was real. 

[15:14] Warfarin is an anticoagulant, but it can also be used as a rat poison.

[17:10] How warfarin got its name. 

[19:06] The tipping point for warfarin becoming commonly accepted was when President Eisenhower had a heart attack in 1955.

[20:34] Link had a big personality. He was likely manic depressive or bipolar. He was a complex individual. He was also a fancy dresser. 

[22:52] Link was also into activism on campus. 

[25:00] He also had controversies. 

[28:44] We learn about Link's blowout with Harry Steenbock.

[29:25] WARF's involvement in warfarin becoming available to the public. WARF helped with the patent and donated money to the University of Wisconsin.

[31:37] WARF's 100th anniversary, and the power of university tech transfer and public research foundations.

[32:29] Doug is glad that his book highlights the importance of innovation and tech transfer. 

[34:29] What Doug would like readers to take from the book.

Resources: 

Saving Hearts and Killing Rats: Karl Paul Link and the Discovery of Warfarin

Doug Moe

Doug Moe - LinkedIn

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation:WARF

Karl Paul Link