For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• Demons are never explicitly identified in the OT. In the NT, possession appears only in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. (The word "demon" is used in John, but only by the opponents of Christ, who call him a demon.)
• For greater depth, visit Thoughts on Demon Possession & Exorcism (requires login).
• For constructive thoughts about escaping addictive behaviors, see IPI's 4-lesson audio CD, ESCAPE (by Steve Brand and Douglas Jacoby).
• Until today, Mary Magdalene was not a NT character podcast, since there isn't a whole lot to work with! It really comes down to a single verse in Luke.
• (She is also mentioned in Mark 16:9, a verse in the longer ending Mark's gospel, probably dating to the 2nd century, and merely repeating what Luke said about her.)
• However, she is frequently mentioned in the pretend-gospels of the Gnostics and others (in the centuries after the NT was written).

Scriptural study: Luke 8:1-3

• There are many Marys in the NT, but only one Magdalene.
• It seems there are far more questions than answers.
  • Literally 7 (number of perfection)—or perfectly diabolical?
  • How were they exorcized? Through the ministry of Christ? The Jews (see Acts 19; Luke 9)? Or did they leave of their own volition (“gone out”)? But “healed of evil spirits…” (v.2) implies exorcism.
  • How did the demons get into her in the first place? Lack of explanation as to causality of possession in NT, while OT doesn’t even record any possessions, let alone attempt to explain the demonic world.
• But we can at least rule out some possibilities:
  • Not Jesus’ wife
  • No indication that demons correspond to sins (as in 7 different sins).
  • Probably not the sinful woman of Luke 7 – seems odd if true that this woman wasn’t named.
• Probably:
  • Unmarried or a widow
  • Important personage in the early church. ( || Simon/Simeon, Alexander, and Rufus. Note: in the podcast I mentioned only Rufus, but Simon had two Christian sons.)
• For sure:
  • From or had relatives in Magdala. At her synagogue a few weeks ago
  • Witness to the empty tomb and the risen Christ
  • Undergone a radical transition to freedom from the demonic.

Conclusions

• No matter how messed up your life is, God can make something beautiful out of it. And no matter how long we may have been stagnating spiritually, the Lord can wipe the slate clean. And once we've been made clean, we're on the path of holiness and mission.
• If you're a woman, take heart that in Christ there is no male or female. No discrimination!
• God values women. Eyewitness testimony to the resurrection – not so in Judaism or Islam.
• No problem is too big for God to handle. Even if you feel last year is best forgotten, God specializes in fresh starts – in new beginnings.

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Here's a guest podcast, The Leper, by Kevin Agot, who lives in the Washington DC area. I hope you enjoy it!

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• Our text is Mark 1:40-45.
• A different version of the story has come down to us in Matt 8:1-4.
• This man will be the first leper healed in the NT.

Scriptural study: Mark 1:40-45

• Unsure whether Jesus is willing? Kneeling, imploring...
• The Lord is willing!
  • Believe that when we pray.
  • Believe it when we ask him to remove our sin, or to go with us as we share his word.
• Immediate cleansing.
  • Note that rather than Jesus becoming unclean -- contracting leprosy by touching this man -- it flows the other way.
  • Cleanness flows from Jesus to the leper!
• Jesus requests silence / discretion.
  • The publicity causes trouble for Jesus (not all publicity is good).
  • This is early in Jesus' ministry -- unlike the situation in Luke 17, when Jesus was going to die in a few days or weeks anyway.
  • Yet, even though the throngs force Jesus outside the inhabited areas, his mission continues unabated.
• Evidence was to be presented to the priest.
  • Had this ever happened before? Maybe once or twice in the OT, if the people were obeying Leviticus.
  • The priest would then follow the procedure of Lev 14.
  • Imagine the impact on the priest!
• The man can't help spreading the news. What news?
  • News of his healing?
  • News about the Messiah?
  • Both?

Conclusion

• Like the lepers of both testaments we are in an unpleasant condition. But since our condition is moral—spiritual—and not just physical, our predicament is dire.
• Think about the leprosy of sin. We are all "lepers."
• The Lord is willing. Don’t doubt it!
• You can be clean!

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• Healing lepers was an important part of Jesus’ ministry:
  • “Go and tell John what you hear and see: the blind receive their sight and the lame walk, lepers are cleansed and the deaf hear, and the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them” (Matt 11:4-5).
  • His healing of lepers confirmed that Jesus was Messiah.
• Our text is in Luke 17, though we will need to examine Leviticus 13-14 in order to understand Jesus' response to the lepers.
  • Lev 13:9, 45 require those with serious skin ailments to allow the priests to inspect them.
  • If they were still contagious, they were required to live outside of town, and call out "Unclean, unclean" if any (healthy) person was coming their way.
  • If they were clean, a special ceremony was performed, involving baptizing a bird in water -- water that contained, among other things, the blood of a second bird. Afterwards the bird was released. Here is a picture (though not exact) of baptism.
• How do the four lepers of Samaria (2 Kings 7) relate to the Samaritan leper (Luke 17)?
  • At the time of 2 Kings 7, Samaritans were simply Israelites from the northern tribes, or else residents of the capital city of Samaria.
  • This is well before 2 Kings 17, which details the origin of the Samaritans proper -- who were of mixed race and heterodox faith.

Main scripture: Luke 17:11-19

• The healing of the lepers takes place in the borderland between Galilee and Samaria.
• Jesus is on his way to Jerusalem to die (from Luke 9:51 onward). He tells the lepers to walk to Jerusalem -- where they will be able to be reinspected by the priests.
• The priests should have been impacted by their sharing!
• Of the 10, only 1 returns to Jesus to say thanks.
  • Notice how expressive he is!
  • Far too many Christians do not conduct themselves in a spirit of gratitude.
• Outsiders often get it before the insiders…

Challenge

• Everyone listening who has been cleansed from sin is like the lepers. Sin is like leprosy.
• We need to feel, and express, gratitude towards the one who has cleansed us!
• Then we will not struggle too much to share the good news with others!

Further:
Listen to my Thanksgiving sermon (33 minutes). Click: Luke 17 Sermon.

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For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• Previous studies in Section II (Leprosy) have studied four individual lepers. Today we will consider the lives of four lepers all together.
• Although these men are not healed of their leprosy, they end up in a positive, victorious place nonetheless.

Scriptural study: 2 Kings 6:24-31; 7:3-5, 8-10.

• Siege conditions in Samaria: famine!
• Cannibalism was forewarned in Deut 28—and mentioned several times in scripture.
• This is a desperate situation!
• The king’s anger is misdirected—towards Elisha—who soon predicts and end to the famine (7:1)
• We’re skipping the story of the faithless captain, as well as other important parts of the story, as these lie outside the text we are examining.
• Meet our lepers—four in all (7:3).
• Notice the role of reason. They have nothing to lose!
• Instead of encountering the Syrians, the camp has been abandoned -- full of food, supplies, money...
• A sumptuous feast was just a short walk away! (The Great Banquet is potentially as close to your neighbors as the distance to your home!)
• Their initial reaction is to horde. Yet, as with the message of Christ, the good news is to be shared!
• Since others are starving, not sharing would be a culpable, criminal behavior (v.9).
• They make a reasonable decision: to share.
• The matter is time sensitive. People are starving. People are dying.
• They came… and told… (v.10). Like the words of John: “Come… and see…” (1:39,46; 4:29; 11:34)
• Although these men were not cured of their leprosy, they are still winners:
  • Their lives are saved.
  • They purposed to save the lives of many others, and they saved a city.

Application

1. We are but poor lepers. We have nothing to lose!
2. We are in sin if we are keeping the message to ourselves.
3. People are starving for the truth, for an a authentic relationship with God.
4. Let’s share the good news: “Come and see!”
5. It’s time sensitive!

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Scriptural study: 2 Chron 26:15b-21a
 

• The highly successful king lets success go to his head (vs.15-16).
• Pride goes before a fall. Prov 16:18. Deut 8:11-20 (please read Deut 8 if this is unfamiliar to you). The king becomes overconfident.
• His specific sin:
  • He disobeyed the law of priesthood (he is not a priest, as a king of Judah).
  • He arrogated to himself the priestly prerogative—thus his sin was arrogance.
• See the courage of Azariah (vs.17-18).
  • His concern is for God’s honor—a strong contrast with Uzziah’s agenda.
  • If the priests had deferred to Uzziah, giving in to fear, how could the people have been expected to challenge their leader--to hold him accountable to the Torah?
• Though totally outnumbered (80:1), the king will not listen. See Prov 26:16.
• His response is emotional (v.19). He is defensive. We could say he was "incensed." Yet his anger is misdirected anger.
• Leprosy breaks out on his forehead (where strict Jews actually tied small boxes containing scripture).
• This isn’t just a pimple… It’s leprosy!
• The priests hurriedly escort the king out of the Temple (v.20).
• Uzziah himself is eager to make his exit—but not so much because he is a humble man. Now the priests’ agenda and his own coincide—that’s all!
• Excluded from the Temple – not just from serving as a priest, which was never his right, but excluded from going up to the Temple, as any Jew was expected to do at least three times a year.
• His arrogant behavior affected him from that day till the day of his death!

CHALLENGE

• Obey what is written! You are not an exception. The Torah did not allow Uzziah to serve as a priest, to march into the inner Temple—and there are places we are not permitted to go, either.
• For leaders, especially: Accept input humbly, and seek feedback from those you know will speak candidly.
• Don’t assume, just because God seems to be smiling on you now (things are going well), that you no longer need to work diligently to be spiritual. The situation could change. Just as we must work out our salvation (Phil 2:12), so we must work to stay humble and open—teachable.

Further study: Old Testament Character Podcast 39, on Uzziah.

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• Gehazi is the third leper in the Bible.
• He appears in 2 Kings 4, 5, 8.
• Chapter 4 gives us insight into the kind of person Gehazi was: not as spiritually aware as Naaman.

Scriptural study: 2 Kings 5:15-27

• Elisha will not be enriched by a Gentile (although now Naaman is within the covenant). Similar to Abraham’s stance in Gen 14.
• Notice how he is critical of Elisha, his master.
• In running after Naaman, Gehazi isn't seeking something for Elisha, but for himself alone.
• A total lie (v.22)! Knowing Naaman’s new-found respect for Yahweh and his prophets, this particular lie was intended to manipulate.
• He asks for just a small fraction of what Naaman has (only 10% of the silver). This is probably intended to trigger a more generous counteroffer. And it does (v.23).
• Gehazi secretes his loot on the back side of a hill, out of the line of sight of Elisha.
• His actions should make us all think: What behaviors do we conceal?
  • What things do we do only when there is no one around to see us? (Forbidden fruit? Sneaking food… or something else that we would be ashamed of reaching for were there witnesses?)
  • Or, on the other side, do we act like Christians only when there are witnesses to our behavior (like praying only when someone is watching)?
• And he tells another lie (v.25).
• But Elisha is God’s man, a prophet, and has supernatural insight (v.26).
• He knows the things Gehazi plans to purchase with his ill-gotten gain (v.27). His materialism is redolent of Ecc 2.
• And so Gehazi becomes a leper, a divine punishment.
• This will affect his descendants. (“Forever” normally means without cessation within a particular frame of reference. No lepers today are descended from Gehazi, as far as we know.)

Challenges

• Am I behaving furtively or sneakily? Is there something I'm hiding?
• Similar to Miriam and Aaron vis-a-vis Moses, Gehazi has a critical spirit towards his master. Am I harboring a critical spirit?
• Are there traces of materialism or envy in my heart? (Ecclesiastes 4:4)
• Is there any deceit in my life? Am I living a double-life in any sense at all?
• Consider the long-term, lifelong consequences of my actions!
• Fortunately, it wasn’t the end for Gehazi.
  • We encounter him one last time in the OT in 2 Kings 8.
  • So perhaps, like Naaman’s leprosy, his affliction was lighter than full-blown leprosy; he could still go about his daily work.
• But that’s not a rationalization for his sin, only recognition that the Lord tempered his punishment of Gehazi, the Bible’s third leper.

For more on Gehazi, listen to OT Character Podcast 36.

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Scriptural study: 2 Kings 5:1-19

• Note: Naaman is also mentioned in the NT (Luke 4:27).
• Syria = Aram = Syria, not Assyria
• His qualities:
  • Leadership
  • Courage
  • And the flaw of leprosy (both visible and humiliating).
• Physical and spiritual health are found in the land of Israel (not Syria, where false gods are worshipped).
• See how God works through circumstances, through people, through conversations!
• Naaman is willing to pay! He knows that cleansing is worth it! (Do we?)
• He proceeds to the king of Israel, to whom this looks like a trap.
• Elisha finds out what has happened, and invites Naaman to come to him (v.8).
• Elisha's instructions are humbling. In the presence of Naaman's entourage, to follow the prophet's instructions would have been humiliating.
• Instead of responding in humility, Naaman has a strong and negative emotional reaction. Furthermore, his reasoning is defective.
• He received some sound counsel – again, from a servant (v.13). Notice the role servants play, as opposed to the roles of the powerful!
• The miracle leads to his conversion.
• It is also a nice prefiguring of baptism, as the early Christians did not fail to notice (Irenaeus of Lyon, fragment 34).
• He was probably already circumcised so didn’t need to be circumcised again!SeeCircumcision in ancient Syria.
• Naaman requests a double load of Israelite dirt – so that he may worship "in" the land of Israel.
• The problem of his accidental bowing when his master enters the temple of the god Rimmon could be a problem, but Elisha tells him to go in peace.

Application

• Cleansing comes when we obey God’s message.
• God’s messengers are often humble persons. Don’t be too proud to listen.
• When we are cleansed, the proper response is a life of devotion towards God.
• All of us who are true Christians have been cleansed from spiritual leprosy.

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• 19 lepers are healed in the Bible, several in the OT and even more in the NT (though there's no healing of lepers in John and Acts).
• Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) can be cured, with multi-drug therapy -- and cheaply!
• The first leper in the Bible was Moses’s sister, though you could also argue it was Moses himself (Exod 4:6).
• In the case of 3 of our lepers, the person begins healthy, and then contracts leprosy suddenly, as a punishment for sin. That is not the normal order: when we meet the leper, he or she is already leprous, and then is healed.

Scriptural study: Numbers 12:1-15

• It seems Moses had taken a second wife, unless Zipporah wasn’t a full Midianite. Aaron and Miriam are miffed!
• Notice the jealousy. “And the Lord heard it.” Nothing we say, or even think, escapes God’s notice.
• V.3 is a hyperbolic statement. The point isn’t about how humble Moses was. It’s about the contrast between him and his older sister.
• The Lord sets up a four-way meeting.
• God’s anger was justified. Miriam should have been afraid to speak up.
  • Yes, God had spoken through her. Technically, Miriam and Aaron were prophets, too.
  • But it's not such a great comparison since God spoke face to face with Moses.
  • Besides, Moses was humble -- in this instance, he wasn't the problem.
• What was the real issue? Something else (Cushite wife -- they didn't like her)
• Punishment of leprosy (v9). How horrible!
• Notice that Aaron feels the punishment – When one part suffers, they all suffer. A close-knit family.
• Notice also the reversal of the normal chain of communication:
  • Usually, God speaks to Moses, and then Aaron relays that message to the people (Exod 7:1)
  • But now it is Aaron speaking to Moses, who in turn beseeches God. Sin can cause all sorts of inversions.
• Though Miriam is punished
, Aaron is the one who seems to have a more humble attitude.
• Moses cares for her (“O God, please heal her—please.”) The text implies that Miriam was healed, though we do not read of this explicitly.
• Yet Miriam still has to go outside the camp. Uncleanness brings about a separation.
• There's no exception because she’s a big-time leader. One standard for all!
• The punishment is temporary, but it slows down the people of God.
• Our sin affects the body of Christ. It affects our relationships, and never more so than when there is ongoing sin in a leader’s life. His or her sin can affect the entire body.

Application
What can we learn? How does this relate to our lives—and our desire to be clean in the presence of God?

• Jealousy, rivalry, envy, resentment: let them never control our lives as God’s people!
• Guilty conscience: affects sleep and thus health.
• Bitterness and a critical can lead to changes in our physical appearance, our behavior (esp. in relationships) and how others perceive us.
  • Usually, sickness doesn’t indicate sin (John 9:1-2), but it may in some cases (psychosomatic connection). In Miriam’s case, it was a punishment.
  • But the leprosy of Miriam also reflected the onset of spiritual decay and dysfunction that come from tolerating sin, including sinful attitudes.
• Inward focus: We don’t go out so much, get exercise. Nor do we want to be with people.
• Sin blunts our effectiveness as ambassadors of Christ.

For additional notes and resources check out Douglas’ website.

Introduction

• OT: Purity and cleansing are more about forgiveness than about transformation.
  • Yet, for fairness and balance, holiness was the goal, and then as now involved a quest, a process...
  • E.g, Exodus: facilitation of forgiveness and holiness: laws, priesthood, tabernacle; Leviticus: atonement and holiness; Numbers: the journey of faith continues, with penalties for sin; Deuteronomy: obedient love / loving obedience.
• Two-stage salvation
  • Baptism: past sins
  • Confession and repentance: future sins
• Far too many believers are confused about what it means to walk in the light.

Scriptural study: 1 John 1:6-2:7

• Contrast: light / darkness
• Walking in light assumes some degree of failure
• We do not move to the darkness every time we sin (though we do if we give up on Christ.)
• What is walking in darkness?
  • Darkness is pretense.
  • It's also lack of openness.
  • Those in the dark ignore, twist, or reject God's word.
• How we live -- how we obey Christ -- does matter.
  • Yet if we slip, we have an advocate.
  • Walking in the light is the way of obedience.
  • Walking in light is walking as Jesus walked: openness, honesty, obedience to the Father, a life centered round others (love).
• There's one more key dimension of walking in the light (1 John 3:1-3).
  • Walking in light isn't only ongoing forgiveness and ongoing obedience.
  • It's also ongoing transformation!
  • Protestants tend to see the crucifixion of Jesus as their means of forgiveness, while Orthodox theology highlights the resurrection (the other side of Jesus' atonement) as a source of new life -- becoming like God.
  • We too should appreciate that God's plan is for us to become like Christ (see also Rom 8:29 -- for this we will need to embrace suffering).

Prayer for purity at the level of:

• Conscience / heart / motives
• Thoughts
• Words
• Actions