The 2010s were a time of mass protest, from the Arab Spring uprisings to Occupy Wall Street, Euromaidan and Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement. Many of these movements shared a ‘horizontalist’ or leaderless approach, and most of them ended in failure. Why?

American journalist Vincent Bevins talks to Ash about the pitfalls of protest and what lessons we can learn from these movements, several of which he experienced up close while working as a correspondent for the Los Angeles Times and the Financial Times. Vincent’s new book If We Burn is the follow-up to The Jakarta Method, a political history of America’s role in Indonesia’s mass killings.

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