DR NICKI EXPLAINS

Episode 9 - Blood Pressure

Welcome to a comprehensive deep dive into the world of blood pressure! In this episode, Dr. Nicki explains blood pressure in accessible terms, with co-host Sarah asking those relatable questions we all want answers to.

Key Topics Covered:

Basic Understanding of Blood Pressure: Dr. Nicki breaks down what those two numbers mean in blood pressure readings, the systolic and diastolic pressures, and why they are important.

Why High Blood Pressure is a Problem: Using an analogy with frail cress seeds, Dr. Nicki explains how high blood pressure can damage crucial small blood vessels in the body, and what organ systems are affected.

Measuring Blood Pressure: Discussion on home vs. clinic blood pressure measurement, the concept of 'white coat hypertension,' and the natural variations in blood pressure throughout the day.

Identifying High Blood Pressure: An overview of how high blood pressure is classified by NICE guidelines, and the importance of differentiating between different hypertension stages.

The Risks of Untreated High Blood Pressure: Exploration into the long-term risks, such as heart attacks and strokes, associated with untreated high blood pressure.

Addressing Blood Pressure: Whether it's lifestyle changes or medication, Dr. Nicki and Sarah discuss what can be done to manage high blood pressure effectively, mentioning various medications from ACE inhibitors to diuretics.

Low Blood Pressure Insights: Sarah shares her experience with low blood pressure and Dr. Nckki provides recommendations on how to manage it, including lifestyle adjustments and medical insights.

Below-the-Radar Issues: Dr. Nicki touches on rare conditions such as Addison's Disease and POTS Syndrome, providing resources for more information.

Whether you're worried about your blood pressure or simply curious, this episode is packed with practical advice and insights to help you understand and manage this essential aspect of your health. Don't forget, if you're experiencing troubling symptoms, be sure to consult your GP.

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLAINS

Episode 8 - Concussion

In this episode of Dr. Nicki Explains, GP Dr. Nicki  and her friend Sarah delve into the critical topic of head injuries and concussions. Joined by guest speaker Dylan, who shares his personal experiences with concussion from his rugby days, they explore how to recognise when you need help for a head injury and what steps to take if long-term effects occur.

• What is a Concussion?
  A brain injury caused by shaking or impact that can lead to swelling or bleeding in the brain.
• Common Symptoms:
  Dizziness, fatigue, headaches, nausea/vomiting, sensitivity to light/noise.
• Long-term Effects:
  Memory issues, mood changes (e.g., irritability), sleep disturbances.

• Recognise Signs:
  Loss of consciousness isn't necessary; look for confusion or balance issues post-impact.
• Immediate Actions:
  Remove the person from activity immediately after recognising symptoms.
• When to Seek Help:
  Severe headache worsening over time, vomiting repeatedly post-injury.

Dylan recounts multiple concussions during his rugby career:

1. First significant knock at age six leading to hospitalisation but seemingly quick recovery.
2. Later incidents showed delayed symptoms like disorientation only hours later.
3. Major incident at university led him through months-long recovery due to not taking initial signs seriously enough.

Initial Steps Post-Injury:

1. Rest completely for first few days (48–72 hours).
2. Gradually return to normal activities while avoiding further head impacts.

Ongoing Management:

• Monitor symptoms closely; seek medical advice if conditions worsen unexpectedly.

Importance of Professional Assessment:

Even without visible damage on scans like MRI/CTs—concussions can have serious implications requiring professional evaluation especially in sports contexts where repeated knocks are common risks.

Concussions should never be underestimated as their effects might not show immediately but could develop into severe health concerns over time if ignored initially—especially important within high-risk groups such as athletes involved in contact sports like rugby or football where awareness around protocols ("recognise-remove-recover-return") becomes crucially protective against prolonged harm following traumatic events impacting one's cognitive wellbeing overall!

LINKS:

Headway - The Brain Injury Association: https://www.headway.org.uk/

Complete Concussions (website with lots of articles all things brain injury backed up by research):

https://completeconcussions.com/

Some useful articles and videos:

What is concussion? 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWVwAuqO2DM

https://completeconcussions.com/concussion/pathophysiology-of-concussion/

What to do after getting concussed?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXal3VPNjEo

Return to Work

https://completeconcussions.com/concussion-tips-information/returning-to-work-how-long-do-concussion-symptoms-last/

Recovery Time and Return to Sport

https://completeconcussions.com/concussion-tips-information/how-long-do-concussion-symptoms-last-sports/

PCS Causes:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW2SF8hnWGg

The Neck:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IMDNlAknMk

Find a Concussion Clinic:

https://clinics.completeconcussions.com/?lat=53.031540&lng=-3.281585&z=7

Cognitive FX (another useful site with PCS info):

https://www.cognitivefxusa.com/blog

Studies:

Diet and gut: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28526435/

Return to Work: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24581906/

Concussion in Children: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26954410/    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27079963/

Screen Time: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36250231/

5-10% concussions have intracranial bleeding: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33133823/

Importance of early stage exercise: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37316185/

Buffalo Treadmill Test: https://completeconcussions.com/concussion-treatment/how-to-perform-a-buffalo-concussion-treadmill-test/

https://cdn-links.lww.com/permalink/jsm/a/jsm_2020_01_28_haider_19-313_sdc1.pdf

Vision Therapy: https://kpe.utoronto.ca/sport-medicinerehab-protocols/concussion-vision-therapy-and-oculomotor-rehab

https://chadwickoptical.com/resources/resource-articles/concussion-ophthalmic-solutions/eye-exercises-for-concussions/

https://torontoconcussion.ca/vision-exercises-videos/

Concussion Therapy at Home: https://neuraleffects.com/blog/concussion-therapy-exercises/

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

Episode 7: Cervical Smear, HPV & Colposcopy Explained

In this episode, Dr. Nicky, Sarah, and guest Velma delve into the crucial topic of cervical screening and the human papillomavirus (HPV). They aim to demystify these subjects for listeners by explaining what a cervix is, why screenings are essential, how they are conducted, and who should get vaccinated against HPV.

Cervical Screening Explained

• Importance of regular screenings to detect pre-cancerous cells.
• Description of the cervix's function in women's anatomy.
• Step-by-step process on how a smear test is conducted.

Understanding HPV

• Explanation of HPV as a common virus affecting many people.
• Discussion on high-risk strains (16 & 18) linked to cervical cancer.

Vaccination Insights

• The significance of vaccinating young people against HPV.
• Details about eligibility for vaccination under the NHS programme.

Addressing Concerns

• Common apprehensions women face regarding smear tests.
• Reassurances that procedures can be adapted for comfort.

Results Interpretation – Breakdown of possible results from cervical screenings such as normal smears or dyscariosis levels (mild/moderate/severe). – Explanation on next steps if abnormal cells or high-risk HPV are detected.

Colposcopy Procedures – What happens during a colposcopy if further investigation is needed after an abnormal result?

Special Considerations: Vaginismus & Menopause Effects

Eligibility & Access To Vaccines And Screenings

• Regular cervical screenings help prevent potential development into cancer by detecting changes early.
• The thought often seems worse than the reality; most find it less uncomfortable than anticipated.
• Vaccinations play a vital role in reducing future risks associated with various cancers caused by certain strains of HPV.

This podcast contains descriptions which may not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive to medical discussions.

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLAINS 

Episode 6 - Sexual Health 

In this months episode of Dr Nicki Explains;

• Hosts: Dr. Nicki & Sarah
• Guest Speaker: Amanda, Senior Practice Nurse with extensive sexual health clinic experience.

Confidentiality in Clinics

• All consultations are confidential; information stays within the clinic.
• Services available for young people showing maturity.

Purpose of the Podcast

• To explain medical conditions accessibly based on NICE guidelines.
• Not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Discussion on Sexual Health:

Common Symptoms of STDs:

• Many infections have unclear symptoms; more noticeable in women.
• Symptoms can include discharge, pain during intercourse, groin pain in men, ulcers or blisters.

Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs):

• Chlamydia: Often asymptomatic but can cause infertility if untreated.
• Herpes: Painful blisters that reoccur; related to cold sores virus type.
• Genital Warts: Caused by HPV; vaccination recommended to prevent warts and cervical cancer risks.

Other Infections & Conditions:

• Gonorrhea and Trichomonas require antibiotic treatment via GU clinics due to contact tracing needs.
• Non-STI issues like thrush and bacterial vaginosis discussed – often not sexually transmitted but common causes of vaginal discomfort.

Lesser-Known Issues:

• Scabies is itchy mite infection spread through skin contact – requires thorough cleaning regimen for eradication.

HIV Awareness:

• Significant advancements in HIV treatment including PrEP which prevents transmission significantly when taken properly.

Protection Methods: - 

• Emphasis on condom use to reduce risk of STD transmission significantly despite some remaining risk from skin-to-skin contact.

• Online STI checks available anonymously through local councils such as Kent County Council’s service—free kits sent home discreetly for testing chlamydia, gonorrhea etc., results communicated privately via text message.

• Genito Urinary Clinics offer specialised care without involving GP records ensuring complete confidentiality—ideal first step if worried about potential exposure or symptoms.

Resources & Recommendations

• Encourage open dialogue about sexual health among family members/friends
• Utilize free resources like online testing services or condoms offered at clinics/community centres

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLAINS 

Episode 5 - Understanding ADHD 

Join Dr. Nicki and Sarah as they delve into the world of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in this insightful episode. Featuring guest Hugh, who shares his personal journey with ADHD from childhood to adulthood.

• Definition: A common mental disorder characterised by symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
• Prevalence: Widely affects children and adults alike.

• Hugh's Experience: Initially labeled as 'naughty' during school years due to misunderstood symptoms.
• Diagnosis & Impact: Diagnosed at age 11; medication transformed educational experiences and daily life focus.

• Types & Effects: Stimulant medications help improve focus but require monitoring for side effects such as blood pressure changes or sleep disturbances.
• Personal Perspective: Hugh describes it as feeling like a "horse with blinkers," enhancing task completion but altering social interactions slightly.

• Common myths include poor parenting causing ADHD or screen time being solely responsible for its development.

• Boys often exhibit more hyperactive behaviours compared to girls who might face social anxieties linked to their condition.

• Suggestions for classroom modifications that accommodate movement without disruption are discussed alongside dietary considerations impacting symptom management.

• Emphasising the importance of parental support groups and teacher training on managing students diagnosed with ADHD effectively.

• Highlighting Loyle Carner's influence through music and advocacy work aimed at empowering those living with ADHD.

For those suspecting they might have ADHD:

1. Begin with a GP consultation despite potential long waits for specialists.
2. Explore resources like ADHD UK or UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN).

Dr. Nicki wraps up by stressing that while challenges exist within society’s perceptions around neurodiverse individuals, embracing unique strengths can turn what some see as limitations into superpowers—be it humour or boundless energy channelled positively through sports!

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLORES 

Episode 4 - Understanding and treating Acne 

Struggling with acne? Discover expert advice and personal stories in this episode of Doctor Nicki Explains. 

Introduction to the Podcast:

• Hosted by Dr. Nicki, a GP with 24 years of experience, and Sarah, a mother of four.
• Aims to explain medical conditions in an accessible way.
• Reminder that this podcast is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Special Guest: Katie's Journey with Acne:

• Katie shares her personal experience with acne starting at age 14.
• Discusses emotional impacts like self-consciousness and low self-esteem during adolescence.

Understanding Acne Medically:

• Explained by Dr. Nicki as having four major features: excess grease, comedone formation (spots), bacterial infection, and inflammation.

Treatment Options Discussed:

• Importance of perseverance in finding effective treatments; it may take time but success is possible.
• Various treatments include topical retinoids (e.g., Epiduo), antibiotics like limocycline or doxycycline, hormonal treatments such as certain contraceptive pills including Dianet under specific circumstances.

Factors Influencing Acne:

• UV light can improve acne but requires careful exposure due to skin cancer risks.
• Hormonal factors can worsen acne around menstrual cycles for females; stress might also be a factor though evidence is anecdotal.

Gender Considerations in Treatment & Social Perceptions:

• Both men and women are equally affected by acne; societal perceptions sometimes make treatment harder for men.

Scarring from Acne:

• Half of scars may naturally improve over time. There are advanced treatment options available through dermatologists or plastic surgeons if needed.

1. British Skin Foundation
2. Acne Support run by the British Association of Dermatologists
3. Primary Care Dermatology Society website used by GPs
4. NICE Guidelines on treating acne

Katie emphasises persistence in trying different treatments until one works effectively since skincare needs vary individually over time—encourages listeners not to lose hope!

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLAINS

Episode 3: Kidneys - How they work, Dialysis and Kidney Transplants

 Dr. Nicki and Sarah delve into the fascinating world of kidneys, exploring their critical functions beyond just urine production. Joined by guest speaker Sarah, who shares her personal journey with kidney failure, listeners will gain insights into the complex roles kidneys play in maintaining overall health.

Key Takeaways:

- Discover the multifaceted roles kidneys perform, from filtering toxins to regulating blood pressure and producing red blood cells.

- Learn about common symptoms and risk factors associated with kidney disease.

- Hear firsthand about living with an autoimmune condition that attacks kidney function.

Resources for this episode include:

https://kidneyresearchuk.org

https://kidneycareuk.org

https://kidney.org.uk

https://ukkidney.org

https://kidneyfund.org.uk

https://transplantpatientstrust.org.uk

https://bts.org.uk

https://organdonation.nhs.uk

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLAINS 

Episode 2 - What is Sepsis? 

Sarah and Nicki talk to Abi, the Fundraising and Communications Director of Sepsis Feat UK about the causes of sepsis, and how it might present. What is sepsis and why can’t you treat it with antibiotics? How can you recognise sepsis in the earliest stages and when to call an ambulance?  

Resources for this episode include: 

https://www.sepsisresearch.org.uk 

https://www.sepsistrust.org 

https://www.nice.org.uk 

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk

DR NICKI EXPLAINS 

EPISODE 1: Bowels and what to do if there is blood in your poo  

In this episode of Dr Nicki Explains... 

Key Points Discussed: 

- Rectal Bleeding**: Its commonality in general practice and its potential link to serious conditions.

- Heamorrhoids (Piles)**: The most frequent cause of rectal bleeding. 

Treatment includes sitting on ice rings, laxatives, rubber band ligation, injections, infrared coagulation or surgery as a last resort.  

- Anal Fissures**: Tears in the anus due to constipation leading to sharp pain and bleeding. 

Management involves avoiding straining during bowel movements and using GTN ointment to promote healing. 

- Diverticulitis**: Inflammation from small pouches forming in the intestines often due to straining or low fibre diets. 

Symptoms can include abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. 

- Intussusception**: A condition mostly affecting young children where part of the intestine telescopes into another causing obstruction.

Presents with colic-like abdominal pain; it's an emergency situation requiring prompt treatment. 

- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)**: Includes Crohn’s disease & ulcerative colitis which can cause blood & mucus in stool among other symptoms.

Treatments range from dietary changes to medication like biologicals that target specific proteins involved in inflammation. 

Personal Story: Ben's Experience 

Ben discusses his journey from noticing increased frequency and looseness in his bowels to discovering fresh blood within his stools – eventually being diagnosed with rectal cancer following a colonoscopy prompted by positive results from home testing kits.  

Takeaways: 

1. Not all instances of rectal bleeding indicate cancer but should be taken seriously as they could signify underlying health issues. 

2. Lifestyle factors such as diet play a crucial role in digestive health; high-fibre diets may prevent diverticula formation while reducing red meat intake is beneficial too. 

3. Screening tests for colorectal cancer are becoming more accessible starting at age 50 rather than previously at age 60. 

Resources for this episode include:  

https://www.bowelresearchuk.org 

https://www.macmillan.org.uk 

https://www.gutscharity.org.uk 

https://www.cancerresearchuk.org 

The podcast emphasises that it does not replace professional medical advice; if you have troubling symptoms consult your doctor immediately. 

Thank you for tuning into Doctor Nicki Explains where we make medicine understandable! Stay informed about your health and always seek proper guidance when needed! 

**Disclaimer:** This podcast may contains graphic descriptions which might not be suitable for younger audiences or those sensitive towards medical discussions. 

To listen to more episodes from this show or to listen to any of our other podcasts, head over to im-listening.co.uk