1651

Amid the soul searching after their defeat at Worcester, the royalists re-assess the philosophical underpinnings of their cause.

1650-1

As Henry Ireton seeks to impose Commonwealth rule on Ireland, he finds his work obstructed by a persistent guerilla campaign.

1651

When the Scots and Charles find themselves unable to defend Scotland, they turn the tables on Oliver Cromwell, and invade England.

1649-50

In an effort to project the Commonwealth's military and economic power beyond the British Isles, the New Merchant faction re-organizes the navy.

Summer 1650

Oliver Cromwell marches north to Scotland - and into a well laid trap.

1649-1650

Charles II attempts to balance his desire for revenge on the men who killed his father, and the need to build allies in Europe.

1650

The Commonwealth government searches for the words to define itself, and at the same time, bind the people of England to its rule.

1650

A divided Commonwealth government institutes a pilot program in Wales that will determine the future of religion in England.

1649-50

While Cromwell continues his campaign in Ireland, Scotland veers from theocracy to reconciliation with the Stuart monarchy.

Summer/Fall 1649

Oliver Cromwell takes the New Model Army into Ireland, where it faces a renewed coalition of royalist forces.