Education Across the States

New Rochelle spent at least $3,328,452.60 in tuition and transportation on four students at Shrub Oak International School — a private school the State Education Department said in writing was not state-approved, could not be recommended by a committee on special education, and had no state funding mechanism — and payments continued into 2023-24 after warnings in 2020, a hearing, and a State Review Officer decision. A judge ordered the district's Shrub Oak legal bills disclosed on September 3, 2026; the district appealed, and the fight over those bills is now before the Appellate Division, Second Department.

Sources:

- Talk of the Sound, Oct. 8, 2026, New Rochelle Spent Millions on Four Students at Unapproved Private School, Then Fought to Keep the Bills Secret: https://talkofthesound.com/2026/10/08/new-rochelle-spent-millions-on-four-students-at-unapproved-private-school-then-fought-to-keep-the-bills-secret/

- Talk of the Sound, Oct. 19, 2026, New Rochelle School District Fights to Keep Shrub Oak Legal Bills Secret During Appeal: https://talkofthesound.com/2026/10/19/new-rochelle-school-district-fights-to-keep-shrub-oak-legal-bills-secret-during-appeal/

- NYSED State Review Officer Decision No. 21-158 (2021): https://www.sro.nysed.gov/decision/2021/21-158

- 8 NYCRR 200.7, program standards and approval of private schools for students with disabilities (NYSED): https://www.nysed.gov/special-education/section-2007-program-standards-education-programs-students-and-preschool-students

- Chapter 853 of the Laws of 1976 framework (NYS Senate resolution on 853 schools): https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2015/J6212

- ProPublica, May 2024, investigation of Shrub Oak International School (search ProPublica's site for Shrub Oak International School, May 8, 2024, by Jennifer Smith Richards and Jodi S. Cohen)

- Verification steps: check NYSED's approved private schools list (nysed.gov, Special Education, approved private schools) and confirm Shrub Oak International School does not appear; check the Appellate Division, Second Department docket for Matter of Cox v. City School District of New Rochelle, Docket No. 2026-10900, via NYSCEF for the stay-motion decision.

AI Generated

Eleven days after the Silver Rail Elementary shooting, Governor Kotek declared a state of emergency for Bend-La Pine and the High Desert ESD, and the district told families Silver Rail will reopen — 86.2 percent voted to return, the building stays closed for repairs through November 6, and the special education services owed under IDEA and Section 504 never paused.

Sources:

- Governor Kotek, Governor Kotek Outlines Next Steps of State Response to Silver Rail Elementary Tragedy (Oct. 26, 2026; Executive Order 26-28, agency assignments, December Emergency Board bridge funding, safe storage directive): https://www.einpresswire.com/article/952419565/governor-kotek-outlines-next-steps-of-state-response-to-silver-rail-elementary-tragedy

- Statesman Journal, Kotek declares emergency after Silver Rail school shooting in Bend (Oct. 26, 2026; Williams 90-substitute detail, Paid Leave Oregon up to 12 weeks, safe storage law and fines, amount not yet clear): https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2026/10/26/oregon-governor-declares-emergency-after-silver-rail-school-shooting/92447608007/

- MyCentralOregon, Silver Rail Elementary Plans To Reopen After Family Survey (Oct. 28, 2026; district's Oct. 27 letter: 86.2 percent, closed through November 6, Fire Marshal exit doors, Bend-La Pine Online / another school options, engagement sessions next week): https://www.mycentraloregon.com/2026/10/28/silver-rail-elementary-plans-to-reopen-after-family-survey/

- MyCentralOregon, School Officials Evaluate Silver Rail Elementary Return to Learn Plan (Oct. 22, 2026; survey review from Oct. 26, no school Oct. 26-30, Boys and Girls Club child care, grab-and-go meals at R.E. Jewell Elementary): https://www.mycentraloregon.com/2026/10/22/school-officials-evaluate-silver-rail-elementary-return-to-learn-plan/

- U.S. Department of Education, School Emergency Response to Violence (Project SERV) — program description, eligibility tests, and application contents: https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/response-programs/safe-and-supportive-schools/school-emergency-response-to-violence-project-serv

- Les Schwab Foundation press release (Oct. 27, 2026; $100,000 commitment: $40,000 Silver Rail, $30,000 Bend-La Pine, $30,000 via Oregon Community Foundation): https://www.lesschwab.com/newsroom/press-release/les-schwab-foundation-commits-100000.html

- Focal News, Bend-La Pine families divided over return to school after Silver Rail attack (Oct. 21, 2026; parent petition 1,500+ signatures, Nov. 10 board meeting): https://focalnews.org/portland-or/local/bend-la-pine-families-divided-over-return-to-school-after-silver-rail-attack

To verify Executive Order 26-28 directly: search oregon.gov for 'Executive Order 26-28' for the full text linked in the governor's release. To verify the district's return date when announced: search blschools.org for 'Silver Rail' family updates.

AI Generated

On October 26, 2026, Virginia lawmakers voted to hire an expert to design a replacement for the state's 52-year-old Standards of Quality school funding formula — the JLARC audit behind the move, the special education aide gap (about 1,700 funded versus roughly 11,400 employed), Spotsylvania County's 68-percent-local special education bill, and the design choices that will decide what the new formula means for students with disabilities.

Sources:

- WHRO / Virginia Mercury, Virginia lawmakers approve plan to advance new K-12 school funding formula (October 28, 2026; the October 26 subcommittee vote, Locke and Price quotes, VDOE consultant timeline, FY23-FY28 funding increases): https://www.whro.org/education-news/2026-10-28/virginia-lawmakers-approve-plan-to-advance-new-k-12-school-funding-formula

- Fredericksburg Free Press, 'It's outrageous': Spotsylvania schools clamor for more state funding (October 27, 2026; Trayer presentation: $49.1M special education cost, 68% local, nine classrooms, $1.6M staffing, autism enrollment 470 to 815): https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/10/27/its-outrageous-spotsylvania-schools-clamor-for-more-state-funding/

- The Commonwealth Institute, SOQ and LCI: What They Are and How They Impact School Funding (updated July 2025; formula mechanics, 55/45 split, 1971 history, student-based option): https://thecommonwealthinstitute.org/tci_blog/soq-and-lci-what-they-are-and-how-they-impact-school-funding/

- Virginia Education Association, JLARC SOQ Report Fact Sheet (other states ~14% / ~$1,900 more per student; higher-needs underfunding): https://www.veanea.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/JLARC-SOQ-Report-Fact-Sheet.pdf

- JLARC, Virginia's K-12 Funding Formula report (delivered July 10, 2023; Table 9-1 student-based example) — to verify directly: search jlarc.virginia.gov for the K-12 funding formula report Rpt575 and open the PDF.

- SB 977 (2025) five near-term JLARC components and the 1,700 vs 11,400 aide figures as stated by Sen. Hashmi in committee — to verify: search citizenportal.ai for 'Senate debate advances broad education-funding overhaul SB 977 Virginia'.

AI Generated

More than eighty parents trained alongside youth services and special education staff in the Northern Mariana Islands on how to shape their children's individualized education programs, through locally voiced Project Higai modules that stay available after hours at youth centers.

Sources:

- Marianas Press, CNMI PSS Special Education Program Project Higai Hosts 2026 IEP Module Training in Partnership with DCCA Department of Youth Services (September 18, 2026 training at Pacific Islands Club; 80+ parents, DYS staff, and SPED professionals; fourth-year partnership) — https://marianaspress.com/news/article/cnmi-pss-special-education-program-project-higai-hosts-2026-iep-module-training-in-partnership-with-dcca-department-of-youth-services

- U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Final Determination Letters for Northern Mariana Islands, June 16, 2026 (Part C, Needs Assistance) and June 18, 2026 (Part B, Needs Assistance), via CNMI PSS at cnmipss.org and sites.ed.gov/idea 2026 SPP/APR and State Determination Letters, Part B and Part C — Northern Mariana Islands

- CNMI PSS, 2026 SPP/APR Part B — Northern Mariana Islands (Project Higai State Personnel Development Grant, October 1, 2023 to September 30, 2028; partners Guam CEDDERS, PROGRESS Center, NASDSE, and local Parent Training and Information program) — search sites.ed.gov IDEA files for 2026 SPP/APR Northern Mariana Islands Part B

- CNMI PSS, FY 2025 Citizen Centric Report (Special Education Program served 1,122 students birth to 21 in SY2024-25) — https://www.opacnmi.com/oockuvoa/2025/10/CNMI-Public-School-System-FY-2025-CCR.pdf

- Marianas Press, PSS ends substitute teaching contracts amid budget crisis; government lawsuit not filed (lawsuit authorized October 13; no filing documented in detailed reporting checked October 28, 2026) — https://marianaspress.com/news/article/pss-ends-substitute-teaching-contracts-amid-budget-crisis-government-lawsuit-not-filed

- Commonwealth Election Commission, 2026 General Election important dates (early voting for Saipan, Tinian, and Rota October 27 to November 2, 2026; general election November 3, 2026, polls 7 AM to 7 PM) — search votecnmi.gov.mp for 2026 General Election important dates

AI Generated

Guam's fiscal 2025 single audit questioned $9.3 million in federal spending, found repeat compliance failures across the special education and early intervention programs it tested, and recorded 23 years as a high-risk federal grantee — this deep dive explains what the auditors found, why fiscal controls are part of how a FAPE is delivered in Guam's unitary system, the five federal fiscal year 2026 specific conditions the system must now satisfy, and the corrective action plan that will be checked next.

Sources:

- Guam News Network, "GDOE audit questions $9.3M in federal spending, flags late financial close" (reporting the Office of Public Accountability / Ernst & Young FY2025 audit and GDOE's response) — https://guamnewsnetwork.com/news/gdoe-audit-questions-9-3m-in-federal-spending-flags-late

- Guam Department of Education, Internal Audit Office, "High Risk Designation & Special Conditions" (FFY2026 specific conditions; FFY2003 designation history) — https://gdoeiao.weebly.com/high-risk-designation--special-conditions.html

- Guam Department of Education, Integrated Monitoring Manual (revised April 2026) — unitary system, Division of Special Education, Compliance Monitoring Office, one-year correction rule — https://gdoe.net/files/page/2442/Monitoring_Manual_april_2026.pdf

- U.S. Department of Education, OSEP, 2026 SPP/APR and State Determination Letters, Part C — Guam (Needs Assistance; specific conditions in effect 3+ years) — https://sites.ed.gov/idea/idea-files/2026-spp-apr-and-state-determination-letters-part-c-guam/gu-c-spp-apr-ffy24/

- Isla Public Radio / KPRG, "WASC restores accreditation for Guam schools after purchase order problem resolved," October 7, 2026 — https://www.islapublic.org/news/2026-10-07/wasc-restores-accreditation-for-guam-schools-after-purchase-order-problem-resolved

- To verify the audit directly: search opaguam.org for the Guam Department of Education FY2025 Financial Highlights and Single Audit (Ernst & Young LLP), Finding 2025-001 and the Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs.

- To verify the specific conditions rule: search ecfr.gov for 2 CFR 200.207, "Specific conditions," and 2 CFR 200.344(b) on liquidation of obligations.

- U.S. Department of Education, OSEP, 2026 Determination Letter, Part B — Guam (June 18, 2026; Needs Assistance, RDA 78.10%; FFY2025 SPP/APR and technical-assistance report due February 1, 2027) — https://sites.ed.gov/idea/idea-files/2026-spp-apr-and-state-determination-letters-part-b-guam/gu-b-spp-apr-ffy24/

AI Generated

Sixty percent decides everything: Rapid City's $107M bond, Groton's $26M bond, Sioux Falls' proposed $105M bond with dedicated RISE special education space, and Oldham-Ramona-Rutland's Nov. 10 dissolution vote — and what each means for students with disabilities under IDEA.

Sources:

- South Dakota News Watch, Local and legislative elections to watch this November (Oct. 16, 2026): https://www.sdnewswatch.org/local-legislative-south-dakota-elections-2026/

- Argus Leader, Less than 2 weeks out: Local and legislative elections to watch (Oct. 21, 2026): https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/politics/elections/2026/10/21/south-dakota-legislative-midterm-elections/92364205007/

- Rapid City Area Schools, official bond information and ballot language (District 51-4, $107,000,000, 60% supermajority): https://www.rcas.org/page/bond-information

- KOTA Radio, $107 Million School Bond Proposal Heads to Rapid City School Board Vote (Apr. 3, 2026): https://www.kotaradio.com/2026/04/03/107-million-school-bond-proposal-heads-to-rapid-city-school-board-vote/

- South Dakota Education Association / Rapid City Education Association, The Rapid City Education Association SUPPORTS the RCAS BOND (Oct. 26, 2026): https://www.sdea.org/RapidCityBond

- Argus Leader, SFSD seeks community input on $105M bond proposal via online survey (Oct. 22, 2026): https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/education/2026/10/22/sfsd-seeks-community-input-on-105m-bond-proposal-via-online-survey/92369307007/

- Argus Leader, SFSD leaders propose $105M bond for May 2027 bond election (Sept. 24, 2026): https://www.argusleader.com/story/news/education/2026/09/24/sioux-falls-school-district-sfsd-may-2027-bond-election/91915045007/

- The Dakota Scout, $105M bond proposed to replace Whittier Middle School, add west-side elementary (Oct. 9, 2026): https://www.thedakotascout.com/p/105m-bond-proposed-to-replace-whittier-middle-school-add-west-side-elementary

- Brookings Register, Oldham-Ramona-Rutland school district survives dissolution vote (Dec. 2025 canvass: 363-363 tie, four provisional ballots against, 49.7% / 50.3%)

- SDPB, Election Day is Nov. 3. But some South Dakota voters will head to the polls throughout November (Oct. 28, 2026): https://www.sdpb.org/podcast/dakota-political-junkies/2026-10-28/election-day-is-nov-3-but-some-south-dakota-voters-will-head-to-the-polls-throughout-november

- Special Education's Shrinking Dollar (Bellwether FY16-FY24 analysis, Oct. 13, 2026): https://educationhotdish.substack.com/p/special-educations-shrinking-dollar

- South Dakota Legislature, 2026 Senate Bill 106 (extraordinary cost fund, SDCL 13-37-40): https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/295887.htm

- U.S. Department of Education, OSEP, 2026 Part B Determination Letter and SPP/APR for South Dakota (June 18, 2026 — Meets Requirements): https://sites.ed.gov/idea/files/SD-B-SPP-APR-FFY24.pdf

- Advocacy Institute, How the States Stack Up: 2026 IDEA State Determinations (June 23, 2026): https://www.advocacyinstitute.org/blog/?p=1544

- South Dakota Department of Education, UPDATED 2025-26 Accountability Technical Manual (public report card release Oct. 30, 2026): https://doe.sd.gov/reportcard/documents/26-Accountability-TM.pdf

- KOTA Radio, South Dakota ACT Scores Top National Average for Sixth Straight Year (Oct. 15, 2026; DOE: Class of 2026 composite 21.1 vs national 19.2): https://www.kotaradio.com/2026/10/15/south-dakota-act-scores-top-national-average-for-sixth-straight-year-rapid-city-s-d-south-dakotas-class-of-2026-once-again-outperformed-the-nation-on-the-act-continuing-a-six-year-streak-of-sc/

AI Generated

Six days before the November 3, 2026 election, North Dakota voters face four school decisions at once — free school meals in the constitution, a 60 percent rule for future amendments, Bismarck's 116.5 million dollar accessibility bond after a 58.68 percent majority failed in June, and Fargo's levy reauthorization — while a new state survey counts more than 250 unfilled education jobs from just 27 percent of districts, half of them in elementary and special education.

Sources:

- North Dakota Secretary of State, Measure 2 Official Ballot Language, 2026 General Election: https://sos.nd.gov/sites/default/files/documents/elections/measures/ballot-language-2026-general-measure2.pdf

- North Dakota Secretary of State, Measure 1 Official Ballot Language and Analysis, 2026 General Election (House Concurrent Resolution 3003): https://sos.nd.gov/sites/default/files/documents/elections/measures/ballot-language-2026-general-measure1.pdf

- North Dakota Secretary of State, May 14, 2026, Constitutional Initiative Related to Funding of School Lunches Approved for November 3, 2026 Ballot (49,338 signatures accepted): https://www.sos.nd.gov/news/constitutional-initiative-related-funding-school-lunches-approved-november-3-2026-ballot

- North Dakota Secretary of State, Sept. 21, 2026, Ballot Measure Guide Sent to Voters Ahead of November 3 Election: https://www.sos.nd.gov/news/ballot-measure-guide-sent-voters-ahead-november-3-election

- North Dakota Monitor, Oct. 27, 2026, North Dakota families can face debt collections if they can't afford school lunch: https://northdakotamonitor.com/2026/10/27/north-dakota-families-can-face-debt-collections-if-they-cant-afford-school-lunch/

- North Dakota Monitor, Oct. 8, 2026, North Dakota measure campaigns pull in large group donations: https://northdakotamonitor.com/2026/10/08/north-dakota-measure-campaigns-pull-in-large-group-donations/

- North Dakota Monitor, Oct. 5, 2026, Annual bonuses proposed for North Dakota teachers to improve recruitment, retention (STAYS): https://northdakotamonitor.com/2026/10/05/annual-bonuses-proposed-for-north-dakota-teachers-to-improve-recruitment-retention/

- North Dakota Department of Public Instruction, Oct. 26, 2026, Elementary and special education lead critical teacher shortage areas in North Dakota: https://www.nd.gov/dpi/news/critical-teacher-shortage-areas

- North Dakota Department of Public Instruction, Oct. 5, 2026, Nathe, Bachmeier, Governor's Office, Legislative Leaders Announce Teacher Pay Bill (STAYS): https://www.nd.gov/dpi/news/nathe-bachmeier-governors-office-legislative-leaders-announce-teacher-pay-bill-get-and-keep

- Bismarck Public Schools, Bond November 2026 — A Revised Plan for Bismarck Public Schools (116.5 million dollars; June result 58.68 percent, 9,194 yes votes): https://www.bismarckschools.org/bond-election/the-plan

- North Dakota News Cooperative, School districts struggle to sell bond measures (Will-Moore accessibility; Vallejo; Fastnacht): https://www.newscoopnd.org/school-districts-struggle-to-sell-bond-measures/

- Fargo Public Schools, FY2026-2027 Budget Book (127-mill authority expiring Dec. 31, 2027; 110-mill request): https://resources.finalsite.net/images/v1790255381/fargok12ndus/lgn2k0mznaowccjsnhmo/FinalFY2027BudgetBook9232026.pdf

- Mayville State University, Aug. 27, 2026, Mayville State helping address North Dakota's teacher shortage (Para-to-Teacher Pathway; 86 enrolled, 52 active, 20 completed): https://mayvillestate.edu/about-msu/news/mayville-state-university-helping-address-north-dakotas-teacher-shortage-through-innovative-programs/

- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 U.S.C. 1400-1419; 34 CFR Part 300; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act; North Dakota Administrative Code Article 67-23, Special Education

AI Generated

Moore County Schools settled the Wells family's federal lawsuit for two hundred thousand dollars, apologizing for a two-week delay in notifying the family of a nonverbal autistic student and committing to same-day notification, crisis prevention certification, and a program review — this deep dive works through the court record, the settlement, and the North Carolina notification law it goes beyond.

Sources:

- Moore County Schools, Wells Family Settlement Agreement statement (posted October 19, 2026): https://www.ncmcs.org/announcements/wells_family_settlement_agreement

- Sandhills News, Moore County School Board settles $200,000 federal lawsuit (October 21, 2026): https://sandhills.news/2026/10/21/moore-county-school-board-200000-federal-lawsuit/

- Sandhills News, Moore County Schools settles lawsuit, endorses SRO memorandum (October 13, 2026, updated October 16): https://sandhills.news/2026/10/13/moore-county-schools-lawsuit-endorsement-of-sheriffs-deputies-as-sro/

- Wells v. Lynch, No. 1:2023cv00412, Document 30, Memorandum Opinion and Recommendation (M.D.N.C., August 15, 2024), via Justia: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/north-carolina/ncmdce/1:2023cv00412/95571/30/

- North Carolina General Statutes section 115C-391.1, Permissible use of seclusion and restraint (notification and written-report requirements): https://codes.findlaw.com/nc/chapter-115c-elementary-and-secondary-education/nc-gen-st-sect-115c-391-1/

- Disability Rights North Carolina, Seclusion and Restraint in Schools (plain-language family guide): https://disabilityrightsnc.org/resources/seclusion-and-restraint-in-schools/

- To verify the settlement amount and terms without a stable document URL: search Moore County Schools website for Wells Family Settlement Agreement, and search Sandhills News for Moore County School Board settles federal lawsuit, October 2026.

AI Generated

Ninety-eight Connecticut residents spent a summer studying the property tax, and their October 26, 2026 final report recommends the state assume the full $3.26 billion cost of special education — a cost towns now carry about two-thirds of through the one tax they are allowed to levy. This deep dive works through all ten Citizens' Assembly recommendations, the excess-cost mechanics that leave districts exposed, the fiscal guardrails and lock box that stand in the way, both gubernatorial candidates' rejections within a day, and what boards, special education directors, and families should do now.

Sources:

- CT Mirror, Citizens' group wants tolls, tax on rich to finance property tax relief (Keith M. Phaneuf, October 26, 2026), as republished by The Bristol Edition: https://bristoledition.org/2026/10/27/across-connecticut-anxiety-fuels-data-center-backlash-2/

- Connecticut Citizens' Assembly on Property Taxes (assembly mission, Scanlon legislative hearing commitment, October 26, 2026 press conference): https://ct-citizens-assembly.org/

- Simsbury Town News, Bold ideas to lower property taxes in CT (October 27, 2026; $3.26 billion special education figure, ten recommendations, mid-next-year action ask): https://simsburytownnews.beehiiv.com/p/bold-ideas-to-lower-property-taxes-in-ct

- School and State Finance Project, 2025 Legislative Session: Changes to Special Education Funding (Excess Cost threshold of 4.5 times per-pupil spending, FY 2025 allocation of $221,119,782 and 91/88/85 wealth tiers, no special education weight in ECS, SEED grant, CSDE rate schedule by January 1, 2028): https://schoolstatefinance.org/hubfs/Reports/2025%20Legislative%20Session%20Changes%20to%20Special%20Education%20Funding.pdf

- Connecticut State Department of Education, Special Education Excess Cost data collection (threshold definitions): https://portal.CT.gov/sde/fiscal-services/special-education

- The Quinnipiac Post, Bridgeport Sees $17M Gap in ECS Aid Scenarios (summary of Joseph Sokolovic's October 2, 2026 CT Mirror opinion piece): https://thequinnipiacpost.com/news/regional/bridgeport-board-member-sees-17m-gap-ecs-funding-scenario

- Connecticut State Department of Education, Connecticut Test Scores and Attendance Continue to Improve (August 31, 2026; $30 million Special Education Enhancement Grants and $40 million excess cost investment): https://portal.ct.gov/sde/press-room/press-releases/2026/connecticut-test-scores-and-attendance-continue-to-improve

- NBC Connecticut, Connecticut property owners propose 10 ways to lower taxes (October 2026; Scanlon delay request, Senate Republican reaction) — search YouTube for 'Connecticut property owners propose 10 ways to lower taxes millionaire tax NBC Connecticut'

- To verify the debate exchange: search CT Mirror Lamont Fazio final debate October 27 2026 tolls

AI Generated

A new state evaluation shows Washington's Ninth Grade Success initiative lifting freshman pass rates — especially for low-income and multilingual students — while its funding remains unguaranteed, and OSPI urges the FCC to protect the E-Rate internet funding that 91 percent of Washington districts use. Sources: Washington State Standard, 'Washington 9th graders perform better with new program, but funding isn't guaranteed,' Aspen Ford, October 27, 2026 (reporting the OSPI Ninth Grade Success evaluation; search washingtonstatestandard.com for the headline); OSPI news release, 'State Superintendent Chris Reykdal Urges Federal Government to Protect Internet Connectivity Funding for Schools,' October 27, 2026, ospi.k12.wa.us news center; FCC E-Rate Notice of Proposed Rulemaking adopted June 25, 2026 — comments closed October 13, 2026, reply comments due November 12, 2026 (see CoSN, 'FCC Opens Public Comment Period on Proposed Changes to E-Rate,' August 14, 2026, cosn.org); Washington SB 5253 (2025), Chapter 256, 2025 Laws, transition plan due October 30, 2026.

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