Gang membership in El Salvador has a common theme, which is also a potential solution for reducing gang membership and gang violence there.

In this interview, I discuss the following with my guest:

►How did El Salvador become the world's most violent country?

►Why is crime so high in El Salvador?

►What are deferred vengeance and retaliation?

►What kinds of crimes are committed in El Salvador? What's the extent of violence?

►Is MS-13 essentially an international gang?

►What is it like to interview gang members in El Salvador?

►What is the common theme among gang members in El Salvador?

►How are crime and politics related in El Salvador?

►Has Pres. Bukele really reduced crime?

►Was the Carter Administration involved in the 1979 coup d'etat?

►Was the U.S. involved in this Civil War?

►During the last two decades, has the U.S. been involved in El Salvador politics?

►If you wanted our audience to remember just one point about “El Salvador”, what would it be?

🚩About My 173rd Guest Scholar:

⁠Dr. Jose Miguel Cruz is a professor at the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida International University and also the Director of the Center for the Administration of Justice there. He is an expert in the areas of criminal violence, gangs, police, and public opinion in Central America. He has over one hundred publications on topics such as criminal violence, policing, street gangs, and criminal governance in Latin America. You can learn more about him here: https://ccj.fiu.edu/people/faculty/jose-miguel-cruz/.

🚩Recommendations:

🎧https://bit.ly/HbN-S4E12-EcuadorGangs: in this interview, Dr. Carmen Martinez Novo explains how gangs transformed Ecuador, once a peaceful country, into one of the America's most violent countries.

🚩Adel Aali

host & producer

☑️Where to find my program:

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173 scholars and counting! So don't miss HbN guest scholars’ weekly takes on the history behind our news.

🚩Image Attribution:

El Salvador flag by Pete Linforth from Pixabay. Visit his work below:

https://pixabay.com/users/thedigitalartist-202249/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=4639709