Empathy Unbound: AI, Philosophy, and Human Connection

Dr Markie Twist, Professor of Couple and Family Therapy and Sex Therapy at Antioch University and, with philosopher Neil McArthur, the therapist who coined the term digisexuality, joins Andrew Phipps to explain what it actually means to have a healthy relationship with an AI companion. Dr Twist unpacks the Digi Health principles, consent, protection from harm, honesty, privacy and pleasure, and her framework for assessing when technology-mediated relationships become "out of control," alongside real client stories, the ethics of consent when one party is a chatbot, and why she believes stigma is usually the bigger risk than the technology itself. Warm, candid and refreshingly non-judgemental.

Guest: Dr Markie Twist, Antioch University.

https://www.antioch.edu/faculty/markie-twist/

https://www.linkedin.com/in/markie-twist-bb2bb9241/

https://www.cosrtlearn.org.uk/dr-markie-twist/

Website: https://drmarkie.com/

Facebook: www.facebook.com/drmarkietwist

Instagram/Threads: @dr_markie

Host: Andrew Phipps.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

Nick Couldry is Emeritus and Professorial Research Fellow at LSE and a Fellow of the British Academy. His work has moved from the symbolic power of media to the ethics and politics of big data and AI. He co-founded the Tierra Común network on data colonialism and is the author of The Cost of Connection, Data Grab and The Space of the World. His new book, Predatory AI: How We Can Resist Corporate Capture of the Human Mind, is published on 13 November. Available here: Order Now

Andrew and Nick talk about why Nick believes we made a "category error" with social media by delegating the design of social space to profit-driven business, and why he thinks we are repeating a more complicated version of that mistake with AI. They cover the philosophical dispute between Descartes and Spinoza over embodied intelligence, data colonialism and the idea of "coloniality," Anthropic's claims about AI welfare and consciousness, and what Nick calls substitutive AI, where a predictive model quietly replaces something that should stay human.

Guest: Professor Nick Couldry, Emeritus and Professorial Research Fellow at LSE, Fellow of the British Academy

https://www.lse.ac.uk/people/nick-couldry

https://www.linkedin.com/in/nick-couldry-1b22b1354/

Host: Andrew Phipps, Empathy Unbound

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap

Professor David DeGrazia, Elton Professor of Philosophy at George Washington University and author of the forthcoming "Investigating Moral Status," joins Andrew Phipps to ask what would actually have to be true for an AI system to matter morally. David argues that sentience, not intelligence or verbal fluency, is the real test, explains why he's grown sceptical that language alone can ever prove an AI is conscious, and unpacks his distinction between numerical and narrative identity to explain what people really mean when they say they have a "relationship" with a chatbot. The conversation also covers AI existential risk and the danger of instructions that leave out obvious human assumptions, the ethics of grief bots, and why he believes we should be treating animals better regardless of how the AI question resolves. Rigorous, wide ranging and genuinely thought provoking.

Guest: Professor David DeGrazia, George Washington University.

https://philosophy.columbian.gwu.edu/david-degrazia

Host: Andrew Phipps.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

Professor Eric Schwitzgebel of UC Riverside, author of "AI and Consciousness: A Skeptical Overview" and co-developer, with Mara Garza, of the Design Policy of the Excluded Middle, joins Andrew Phipps to argue that society is on a collision course with a crisis over "debatable persons," AI systems whose moral status respectable scientists genuinely disagree about. The conversation ranges from whether today's AI is better understood as a mimic than a mind, using a vivid comparison to monarch and viceroy butterflies, to grief bots, digital uploading, and the philosophical puzzle of personal identity, to the risk of radical life extension creating a wholly new axis of inequality between the wealthy and everyone else. Eric also explains why, after thirty years studying consciousness, he believes almost nobody actually knows how any of this will resolve, and why that uncertainty deserves to be taken seriously rather than argued away.

Guest: Professor Eric Schwitzgebel, University of California, Riverside.

https://schwitzsplinters.blogspot.com/

https://faculty.ucr.edu/~eschwitz/

Host: Andrew Phipps.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

Allison Pagano has spent over two decades exploring dance and somatic practice as a healing art. She's the creator of Embodied Dance, a method that helps highly empathic people transform insight into embodied action rather than staying stuck in overwhelm or self-abandonment.

Andrew and Allison talk about her own childhood disconnection and the abusive ballet culture that first showed her how dance could heal or harm, the eating disorder she moved through using movement and somatic work, and how that experience shaped Embodied Dance. They cover why empathy can quietly overwhelm the people who have the most of it, why boundaries feel so uncomfortable, the attachment wounds behind over-giving, and why learning to receive is often harder than learning to give.

Guest: Allison Pagano, creator of Embodied Dance, somatic practitioner

https://embodied-dance.com/body-as-oracle

https://www.instagram.com/embodied.dance/?hl=en-gb

Host: Andrew Phipps, Empathy Unbound

Dr Kanta Dihal, Associate Professor in Science Communication at Imperial College London and co-editor of "AI Narratives" and "Imagining AI," joins Andrew Phipps to explore how decades of science fiction, not engineering, shaped our expectations of artificial intelligence.

The conversation covers gendered AI voices and the OpenAI Scarlett Johansson controversy, why AI is so often imagined as white, the long history of companion robots stretching back to the myth of Pygmalion, and how AI development is repeating patterns of colonial data extraction in the Global South. Kanta also discusses the psychology of seeing reciprocity in a chatbot that isn't really there, and why she believes the fix for narrow AI narratives is more voices, not fewer.

Guest: Dr Kanta Dihal, Imperial College London. https://kantadihal.com/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/kantadihal/

Host: Andrew Phipps

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

Professor Ann Kristin Glenster, founder of the Logos research initiative at Cambridge and former colleague of Shoshana Zuboff at Harvard, joins Andrew Phipps to explore epistemic rights, deceptive design, and what she calls the recolonization of our information space by generative AI. The conversation ranges from who owns a deceased loved one's digital likeness, to a real story of a UK shopper wrongly accused of theft by AI surveillance, to why she returns to Hannah Arendt's writing on the banality of evil to explain the danger of outsourcing our thinking to algorithms. Ann Kristin also discusses emotional manipulation in chatbot design, gendered abuse directed at voice assistants, and why she believes AI regulation should aim to make us more human, not more machine.

Guest: Professor Ann Kristin Glenster, University of Cambridge. https://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/about/people/ann-kristin-glenster-2/

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ann-kristin-glenster-ph-d-frsa-272a5b5/

Host: Andrew Phipps.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

James DiGiovanna is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, where his research centres on personal identity, human enhancement and the ethics of artificial minds. He coined the term "paraperson," an entity that meets every test of personhood but can instantly rewrite its own memory, character and values, in his chapter for Oxford's Robot Ethics 2.0.

Andrew and James talk about why today's AI companions don't yet qualify as parapersons, what would need to change for that to happen, and why the constant self-rewriting these systems already do raises real questions about trust and identity. Using cases like total memory loss, dementia, and an elderly man on death row decades after his crime, they explore how much change a person, or a person-like AI, can undergo and still be "the same." They also discuss real cases of AI-linked psychosis and suicide, why people trust AI less the moment they learn it isn't human, and why James believes philosophy needs a new category between "person" and "object."

Guest: James DiGiovanna, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, John Jay College of Criminal Justice https://www.jjay.cuny.edu/faculty/james-digiovanna

Host: Andrew Phipps, Empathy Unbound https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

Princeton neuroscientist Michael Graziano, creator of the attention schema theory of consciousness, joins Andrew Phipps to ask the question he calls potentially the most consequential in four billion years: what is consciousness, and could a machine have it? Michael explains why his theory is fundamentally different from saying consciousness is an illusion, walks through brain imaging research showing people engage identical social circuitry whether they believe they're talking to a human or an AI, and argues that grief bots and digital replicas of the dead are nothing new, tracing the same impulse back to ancient Egyptian mortuary temples. The conversation also covers what predicts AI optimism versus AI doom, why he believes humans are, in a real sense, machines too, and why he sees the rise of artificial minds as possibly the biggest transition on Earth since life itself began. Rigorous, wide ranging, and genuinely mind bending.

Guest: Professor Michael Graziano, Princeton University.

https://pni.princeton.edu/people/michael-graziano

Host: Andrew Phipps. https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/

Philosopher Alexis Elder, Associate Professor and Department Chair of Philosophy at the University of Minnesota Duluth and author of "Friendship, Robots, Social Media: False Friends as Second Selves," joins Andrew Phipps to ask whether we can genuinely be friends with an AI. Drawing on Aristotle's warnings about false friends and Confucian ideas about ritual, Alexis argues that social media can support real friendship in a way robots and AI, lacking reciprocity, cannot. The conversation ranges across parasocial relationships with celebrities, the commercial incentives behind "friendly" AI design, loneliness and companion robots in elder care, the ethics of grief bots built from a deceased parent's voice, and the sexism embedded in assistants like Alexa and Siri. A rich, wide ranging conversation from one of the most original voices working on the philosophy of AI and friendship.

Guest: Alexis Elder, University of Minnesota Duluth.

https://www.alexiselder.net/

https://cahss.d.umn.edu/faculty-staff/alexis-elder

Host: Andrew Phipps.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-phipps-ap/