Repent means to turn around. Why was the idea of repenting so revolutionary? Because up until that point, it wasn’t part of the deal. Not that the idea of repentance didn’t exist, but the basis in which the people of Israel were in good standing with God wasn’t like that.
It was through the law of Moses and the system of sacrifices at the Temple.
Baptism is sort of an innovation of John the Baptist- at the time, the concept of a ritual cleansing existed. When a gentile became Jewish, they had to undergo a ritual cleansing, and that was the closest thing to baptism.
Jewish people didn’t have to do that. So why is John all of a sudden telling people they have to repent and they have to get baptized?
What’s changed? The key is in his message: “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near”
Matthew 3:1-2
1 In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea 2 and saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.”
Mark 1:4-5
4 And so John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. 5 The whole Judean countryside and all the people of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
Luke 3:7-14
7 John said to the crowds coming out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath? 8 Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham. 9 The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”
10 “What should we do then?” the crowd asked.
11 John answered, “Anyone who has two shirts should share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food should do the same.”
12 Even tax collectors came to be baptized. “Teacher,” they asked, “what should we do?”
13 “Don’t collect any more than you are required to,” he told them.
14 Then some soldiers asked him, “And what should we do?”
He replied, “Don’t extort money and don’t accuse people falsely—be content with your pay.”