This study examines how the upper and lower subscapularis muscles function as independent units during various shoulder exercises.

Researchers used electromyography (EMG) to measure muscle activation across seven different movements, finding that the push-up plus and diagonal exercises are most effective for targeting both sections of the muscle.

The results indicate that humeral abduction significantly impacts which part of the subscapularis is recruited, challenging traditional rehabilitation methods.

By ranking these exercises into continuums, the authors provide a framework for clinicians to prescribe specific movements based on a patient's injury or training goals.

Ultimately, the research suggests that treating the subscapularis as two functionally distinct segments can lead to more precise and effective recovery protocols.

(Decker MJ, Tokish JM, Ellis HB, Torry MR, Hawkins RJ. Subscapularis muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises. Am J Sports Med [Internet]. 2003;31(1):126–34. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310010601)