The human iliotibial band (ITB) is a specialized anatomical structure that facilitates bipedal movement by connecting the pelvis to the lower leg.

Research indicates that the ITB functions alongside the gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles to provide lateral stability to the hip and knee.

While historically viewed as a friction-based injury, iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is now understood as a compression-based pathology affecting sensitive tissues at the knee.

Current medical literature highlights significant gaps in our understanding of how individual anatomy and muscular force transmission contribute to these injuries.

Consequently, standard treatments like stretching or foam rolling often lack a strong clinical basis, whereas gait modifications show potential for reducing strain.

Future progress in treating runners requires more rigorous studies on in vivo mechanical behavior and dynamic force distribution within the band.

(Hutchinson LA, Lichtwark GA, Willy RW, Kelly LA. The iliotibial band: A complex structure with versatile functions. Sports Med [Internet]. 2022;52(5):995–1008. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01634-3)