Small errors in sampling can lead to big consequences in mining.

In this second episode of our three-part series on sampling, Mark Murphy (Manager Geological Services, IGO) and Ian Glacken (Executive Consultant, Snowden Optiro) explore the different types of sampling errors - and how to recognise, minimise, and prevent them.

From unavoidable "correct" errors to preventable "incorrect" errors, they share real-world insights into why understanding sampling is critical for both technical teams and decision-makers.

Whether you're a geologist, mining engineer, or manager, this episode will make you rethink how you approach sampling in your operations.

⏱ Timestamps: 0:08 – Introducing the types of sampling errors 1:11 – What is fundamental sampling error? 3:33 – Grouping and segregation error explained 7:29 – Why most errors happen early in the sampling process 8:38 – Understanding "incorrect" errors and how to avoid them 12:29 – The role of clear procedures and duplicate sampling 14:50 – Why spatial understanding of duplicates matters 15:56 – Replicates vs duplicates: getting the terminology right

If you would like to contact Ian or Mark: [email protected]

Explore more: https://snowdenoptiro.com/

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Fresh Thinking by Snowden Optiro is rapidly becoming the best mining podcast globally - you can find our podcasts on YouTube, Spotify, Apple Podcasts and most other podcast platforms.

Who we are: Snowden Optiro is a resources consulting and advisory group that provides independent advice, consulting and training to mining and exploration companies, their advisors and investors. We help mine developers to advance their projects, mining companies to improve their operations and their professionals, and investors to de-risk their investments by the provision of quality advice, training and software in the field of Mineral Resources and Mineral/Ore Reserves.

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