In class this week we discuss that The Articles of Confederation were born out of fear—fear of kings, fear of centralized power, fear of ever recreating the thing the colonies had just finished bleeding to escape. What they produced instead was a government so loose, vague, and structurally hollow that it barely qualified as a government at all. No executive with teeth. No unified courts. No real way to tax, regulate, or enforce anything. Just a polite suggestion that thirteen very opinionated states maybe cooperate if they felt like it.

It did not take long for that experiment to fall apart. Thirteen currencies, thirteen legal systems, thirteen supreme courts, and no consistent rule of law meant chaos dressed up as liberty. You could commit a crime in one state and simply cross a border to make it someone else’s problem. Economic collapse followed political paralysis, and when people finally snapped—looking at you, Shays’ Rebellion—it became painfully clear that “freedom without structure” was just instability with better branding.

This class breaks down why the Founding Fathers—who absolutely wanted limited government—realized that no structure was worse than too much. The Constitution wasn’t a betrayal of the Revolution; it was a course correction. It unified the states, established shared law, and, for the first time, framed Americans not as Virginians or New Yorkers first, but as The People of the United States. Turns out, shouting into the wind isn’t governance—and eventually, even revolutionaries learn that rules matter.

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