The rapid advancement of AI Agents has highlighted a critical challenge: interoperability, as agents often operate in "islands of intelligence" leading to the complex "M×N problem" of integration. To address this, Google launched the A2A (Agent2Agent) protocol, and Anthropic introduced the MCP (Model Context Protocol).

A2A is an open protocol designed for independent AI Agents to discover each other, communicate securely, exchange information, and coordinate actions. Its "modality-agnostic" design allows direct exchange of multimedia files. MCP, an open standard, focuses on securely connecting a single AI Agent or LLM to external real-time data and tools. It's envisioned as a "USB-C port for AI applications," reducing hallucinations and expanding functionality.

Google and Anthropic position these protocols as complementary: MCP provides the mechanism for an Agent to "use tools" and "get information" (like a wrench), while A2A enables different Agents to "talk to each other" and coordinate tasks (like mechanics collaborating). Together, they aim to break down technology silos, reduce integration costs, and accelerate the deployment of complex Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), ushering in an era of "AI interconnectedness," particularly beneficial for multimedia application development.

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