English Summary DeepSeek, a Chinese large language model reportedly launched in 2025, has revolutionized the AI industry with its high performance and ultra-low-cost approach, directly challenging the traditional "Scaling Law" paradigm. Its core technical innovations include: Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture, activating only a small subset of relevant parameters (around 37 billion) per task, drastically boosting computational efficiency; Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA), compressing key-value cache by 93% and filtering noise for efficient long text processing; as well as Shared Experts, Node Limited Routing, and the FP8 algorithm. DeepSeek's training cost was remarkably low at $5.576 million, requiring minimal hardware (just 2048 specialized computers), significantly less than industry peers like Meta's Llama 3 (16,384 machines). It is open-source, and its API pricing is only 1% of GPT-4 Turbo, greatly democratizing AI access. Despite drawbacks like slower initial token response, self-censorship on sensitive topics, and intellectual property disputes (e.g., accusations of "data distillation"), DeepSeek has profoundly impacted global AI competition and the US-China AI race.
The sources also outline five key AI development scenarios: Compute ("he who gains compute gains the world," spanning cloud, edge, endpoint, and quantum computing); Algorithms (Transformer-based, facing data scarcity and diminishing returns, with algorithmic progress often outpacing hardware); Data Sources (data sovereignty, correctness, bias, and the potential/risks, like "model collapse," of AI-generated "synthetic data"); Application Scenarios (AI's use in personal, enterprise, and national domains, with robotics highlighted as a future battlefield); and Industry Re-creation Capability (AI reshaping supply chains, accelerating industry pace, transforming economic models, and necessitating adaptive legal/policy frameworks). Overall, AI's evolution is presented as a comprehensive societal, ethical, and economic transformation, emphasizing the urgent need for building a trusted and secure digital society.
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