In this episode of The Differential, Dr. Assem Al Refaei demystifies the interpretation of thyroid function tests (TFTs). Centered on high-yield Step 2 CK concepts and enriched with clinical pearls, we break down the physiological basis of thyroid hormone regulation and the diagnostic value of TSH, free T4, and free T3 levels.

From recognizing patterns in hypo- and hyperthyroidism to distinguishing primary from secondary causes, this episode provides a systematic approach to navigating TFTs. We cover essential topics like subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, and the impact of medications such as amiodarone and lithium. Additionally, learn about thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) abnormalities and their clinical significance.