Let’s talk about a few good antipopes. What’s that about, anyway? If they meet, do they both annihilate? How do they sometimes switch places? Join Em and Dr. Jesse as they go over some of the more interesting antipopes of the 11th and 12th centuries.

1/ The board game is Kremlin.

2/ Gregory VII (born c1015, namesake of the reform movement, pope 1073–1085). Gregorian reform!

3/ Investiture Controversy. The big one is roughly 1076–1122, but there are a bunch of investiture struggles.

4/ Henry IV (1050–1106; king of Germany from 1054, of Italy and Burgundy from 1056, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084)

5/ Antipope Clement III (born c1029, Antipope 1080–1100)

6/ Antipope Theodoric (or Sylvester III, but there was an earlier Sylvester III, who was considered an antipope by Theodoric but is not currently listed as one by the Vatican).

7/ Concordat of London 1107 between Henry I of England and Pope Paschal II

8/ Holy Emperor Henry V (born early 1080s-1125; Holy Roman Emperor 1111–1125)

9/ Henry V appoints Antipope Gregory VIII (Antipope 1118–1121, dies 1137)

10/ Concordat of Worms 1122

11/ Pope Innocent II (Pope 1130–1143) is elected by a minority

Antipope Alacletus II (1130–1138) is elected by a majority

12/ Lateran II convened in 1139 by Innocent II

Antipope Victor IV (not to be confused with a later Antipope Victor IV) submits to Innocent II

13/ St Bernard dogs get their name from their original breeding place in Switzerland, which is named for St Bernard of Menthon, not Bernard of Clairvaux!

14/ Lateran III 1179

15/ Ubi Periculum 1274, issued by Pope Gregory X during the Second Council of Lyon, establishes the papal conclave

16/ Actually, Francis was chosen pretty quickly! It just seemed long in our crazy media climate.

17/ Pope Clement V (born c. 1264; Pope 1305–1314) and the Avignon Papacy (1309–1376/7)

18/ Pope Celestine V: the previous pope who resigned! He was pope for a few months in 1294.

19/ Pope Boniface VIII (born c.1230; Pope 1294–1303), famously hated by Dante.