Prof. Dr. Nedim Hadžić – Dino attended the ESPGHAN annual meeting in Helsinki. Of course, your enterprising podcast team, lurking there to glean the thoughts and insights of the best and the brightest, snapped him up for an interview!

His training and early professional work were in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, but when he obtained a research fellowship in London, his supervisors soon recognised that he was too good to be allowed to return home.(For those who follow Croatian football: the centre-forward for Team Orijent in Sušak / Rijeka is a different Nedim Hadžić.)

Dino is now among the consultant hepatologists at King’s College Hospital, where he has cultivated an interest in alpha-1-antitrypsin storage disorder and circulating alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.(No, they’re not the same thing. We’ll blur the lines and henceforward refer to alpha-1-antitrypsin disease.)

He asks listeners today to think about:

• how alpha-1-antitrypsin disease may cause liver disease,

• how it may cause lung disease,

• why not all persons who harbour variants in SERPINA1 (which encodes alpha-1-antitrypsin) manifest clinical disease,

• and what can be done to treat severe liver disease associated with SERPINA1 variants.

He has provided a few references for us all, set out below.

Literature

• Francavilla R et al. Prognosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency-related liver disease in the era of paediatric liver transplantation. J Hepatol. 2000 Jun; 32(6):986-992. doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80103-8. PMID: 10898319

• Hinds R et al. Variable degree of liver involvement in siblings with PiZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency-related liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Jul; 43(1):136-138. doi:10.1097/01.mpg.0000226370.09085.39. PMID: 16819392

• Strnad P et al. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 9; 382(15):1443-1455. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1910234. PMID: 32268028

• Clark VC et al. Fazirsiran for adults with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency liver disease: A phase 2 placebo-controlled trial (SEQUOIA). Gastroenterology. 2024 Oct; 167(5):1008-1018.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.06.028. Epub 2024 Jul 2. PMID: 38964420

  Dr. Hadzic´s favourite song: Indexi - Zute dunje

  ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo

Inflammatory bowel disease: Important to assess, to treat, and to follow correctly, as Dr Anne-Marie Griffiths of Toronto confirmed in an interview recorded in Helsinki at the ESPGHAN annual meeting. She poses for us three questions:

1. What are some of the consequences for the patient when caregivers mislabel the type of inflammatory bowel disease?

2. What purpose is served by thorough diagnostic evaluation at presentation, with upper endoscopy, ileocolonoscopy, and small-bowel imaging?

3. What are the goals to be achieved by using the Paris classification or any of its future modifications?

This discussion addresses those questions, adducing the work in the references below and taking listeners through the evolution of categories of inflammatory bowel disease and their clinical associations.

LiteratureLevine A et al. Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: The Paris classification. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011 Jun; 17(6):1314-1321. Doi: 10.1002/ibd.21493. Epub 2010 Nov 8. PMID: 21560194

Levine A et al. ESPGHAN revised Porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014 Jun; 58(6):795-806. Doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000239. PMID: 24231644

Dhaliwal J et al. Phenotypic variation in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease by age: A multicentre prospective inception cohort study of the Canadian Children IBD Network. J Crohns Colitis 2020 May 21; 14(4):445-454. Doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz106. PMID: 31136648. PMCID: PMC7242003

Ledder O et al. Appraisal of the PIBD-classes criteria: A multicentre validation. J Crohns Colitis 2020 Dec 2; 14(12):1672-1679. Doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa103. PMID: 32453831

Dr. Griffith´s favourite song: Allanis Morisette - Hand in my pocket

ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo

Welcome back to ESPGHAN Journal Club!

Give us your full attention, please – even if that means pulling into a lay-by or, even more demanding, setting down your drink. The thoughts and insights of Dr. Jake Mann are deffo worth the trouble.

Jake’s choices for today:

• From J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, by Tai CS et al., with authors from Taiwan, Thailand, and Korea: “A prediction model for genetic cholestatic disease in infancy using the machine learning approach.”

• From JCI Insight, by Arnson B et al., with authors from the United States and the United Kingdom: “Efficacious genome editing in infant mice with glycogen storage disease type Ia.”

Machine learning, gene therapy… Journal Club is, as always, out in front – where Jake keeps dragging us.

The contribution from Tai et al. postulates that genetic analysis in neonatal cholestasis without mechanical obstruction is expensive and, in many sites, difficult to access. It advocates screening for genetic analysis and reports the retrospective sifting of 47 parameters per patient with intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis (1008 patients in total!), 63 of whom were ultimately diagnosed with “genetic cholestasis” (GC).

Among the 47 parameters assessed at presentation and again one month later, 20 – not including sonographic findings – proved useful in tracking GC. The predictive utility of this combination was checked in 36 patients with GC and 62 without, from two other institutions. Overall, about 70% of patients were identified as unlikely to have GC and might have been spared genetic analysis. The authors propose the algorithm, devised via machine learning, as a cost-saving measure.

What does Jake think of all this? Listen and find out.

Clinical caregivers and biomedical researchers at Duke University, North Carolina (USA), have made something of a hobby of glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) – their causes and cures – including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P) deficiency (GSD1a). Adeno-associated virus has been used as a vector in mice, dogs, and humans to deliver functional G6PC copies (“transgenes”) into hepatocytes and renal tubular epithelium. These encode the catalytic subunit of G6P, variants of which cause GSD1a.

Unfortunately, G6PC transgenes introduced into hepatocytes are episomal, and episomal G6PC is rapidly lost in model mice and dogs – particularly in infant mice. Repeated or increased transfection does not adequately compensate for this loss.

The Duke Blue Devils (not “Dookies,” please – only Tar Heels use that term!) have now used CRISPR/Cas9-based techniques in 12-day-old G6pc-/- mice to achieve “long-term” genomic integration of G6PC, with euglycaemia sustained at least to age 12 weeks. (One supposes that counts as “long-term” in a mouse.)

The crucial question: will this prevent development of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas that occur in untreated humans and in episomally treated, but euglycaemic, mice and dogs?

As the ESPGHAN Journal Club mantra rises from the musical background: More studies are required. More FUNDING is required.

At any rate, this is an intriguing glimpse into the prospects for gene therapy in liver disease – upon which we can count Jake to enlarge. So listen up!

Literature

• Arnson B et al. Efficacious genome editing in infant mice with glycogen storage disease type Ia. JCI Insight. 2025 Jul 31:e181760. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.181760. Online ahead of print. PMID: 40762955

• Tai CS et al. A prediction model for genetic cholestatic disease in infancy using the machine learning approach. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Jul 30. doi:10.1002/jpn3.70166. Online ahead of print. PMID: 40735913

Welcome to the world of oesophageal atresia and its treatment, where Prof Gottrand is eminent. (A quick hat-tip: His devotion to patient care was distinguished by the Premier prix mondial de l’atrésie de l’oesophage, awarded in June, 2019, at the World Congress on Oesophageal Atresia.) Surgical repair of oesophageal malformations yields palliation rather than cure, with a bewildering mix of dysmotility, dysphagia, malnutrition, reflux, inflammation, malignancy, and pulmonary and otolaryngologic disease all as sequelae; how are these patients, whether with a remodelled native oesophagus or a substituted organ, to be assessed and followed? Monstrously complicated! And improvement in survival means that year by year more and more patients with these problems must be attended and their problems addressed.

Dr Gottrand asks us to take on board that oesophageal atresia no longer is a disorder of infants only; presents us with the spectrum of evolution of oesophageal atresia in later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, with its many and varied complications; and offers us recommendations for organisation of lifelong follow-up, with transition from paediatric to adult care. Two articles of relevance are cited below.

LiteratureKrishnan U et al. The International Network on Oesophageal Atresia (INoEA) consensus guidelines on the transition of patients with oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023 Nov; 20(11):735-755. Doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00789-w. Epub 2023 Jun 7. PMID: 37286639

Leroy M et al. Time to consider oesophageal atresia as a life-long disease. Int J Surg 2024 May 1; 110(5):2506-2507. Doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001167. PMID: 38376869. PMCID: PMC11093440

Prof. Gottrand´s favourite song: Zaho de Sagazan - la symphonie des éclairs

ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo

La professoressa Annamaria Staiano è una figlia di Napoli, is a daughter of Naples, and to the city of her birth, medical education, and present professorial chair in paediatrics at the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II she has ever been loyal – aside from several years in St. Louis, Missouri, where she undertook subspecialty training in paediatric gastroenterology.

She today is the guest of ESPGHAN at the hundredth podcast that your society has organised and sponsored. Think of it – one hundred podcasts! And that today she joins us is doubly a distinction, because her presidency of ESPGHAN was recently inaugurated in Helsinki: We here have the opportunity to meet her and to learn from her not only what ambitions and hopes she has for ESPGHAN but also how she has ascended the cursus honorum. In that ascent she has not simply balanced clinical care-giving with academic research; she has, by taking part in service to ESPGHAN and its members, helped to guide and to advance the society and its aims, which of course are listeners’ aims as well.

Listeners will not be surprised to learn that Prof Staiano is well-published, with contributions to many fields within paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. At my request, she has named two works that are, in her opinion, of particular significance to her discipline... but also that are of particular significance to her. To review those works, and to hear her reflections on what they meant to her at the time of their accomplishment and in the years since, can illustrate the evolution of what has been a career of signal achievement, a career from which aspiring members, younger members, of ESPGHAN can surely learn.

Literature:

- Hyams JS et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: Child / adolescent. Gastroenterology 2006 Apr;130(5):1527-1537. Doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063. PMID: 16678566. PMCID: PMC7104693Levine A et al. ESPGHAN revised Porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014 Jun;58(6):795-806. Doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000239. PMID: 24231644

Prof. Staiano´s favourite song: Torna a surriento” by Enrico Caruso

ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo

Summer! So hot... and everywhere is parched.

The hosepipes are trickling in the twilight, both at dawn and at dusk – but is it true that watering one’s garden in the heat of the day injures the plants? Wherever you are, dear reader and listener, let’s hope it’s somewhere shady, and that on the table next to where you’ve chosen to lounge and listen is a tall glass of something with ice cubes and gin. Lots of gin.

A tip of the hat to you who, under such adverse circumstances, have chosen to log in for the JPGN Journal Club! Our Teuton friends speak of Wissensdurstigkeit—thirst for knowledge. Today, let’s combine that with Gindurstigkeit—thirst for, well, you can read on.

Grab your highball and listen up, it’s Dr Jake Mann!

Jake’s choices for today:

First, from J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, by Roilidis I et al., authors from a wide range of institutions:“Variability in the management of portal hypertension across European countries: A survey-study by the ESPGHAN Portal Hypertension Special Interest Group.”

Second, from Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, a case report as a letter from Amsterdam, by de Boer ECW et al.:“A pedigree with complement hyperactivation, angiopathic thrombosis, and severe protein-losing enteropathy (CHAPLE) disease: Variable penetrance and treatment with pozelimab.”

The contribution from Roilidis et al. certainly underscores an unhappy truth: no one really knows the best way to manage patients with portal hypertension. Protocols that clearly demonstrate advantages in handling portal hypertension and its complications have yet to be defined, resulting in widely varying approaches. Pharmacotherapy with non-selective beta-blockers? Endoscopy with prophylactic intervention when varices are found? Meso-rex bypass construction? Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement? Treatment of hypotension-related sequelae during variceal hemorrhage? Roilidis et al. do not explain why different institutions choose different approaches. Perhaps the Special Interest Group will provide analysis, rather than description only, in follow-up work.

De Boer and colleagues evaluated a family from the Maghreb in which three siblings had digestive tract complaints. One brother was diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, and two sisters born eighteen years apart were diagnosed with Crohn disease, but not without some head-scratching. The older sister was initially diagnosed with anorexia nervosa before a more “organic” diagnosis was made. Whatever their condition, it did not respond to therapy that would usually control Crohn disease. Given the apparent familial incidence, genomic sequencing was undertaken. All three siblings were homozygous for a known disease-associated variant in CD55, which encodes a modulator of complement activation. Without such modulation, inflammation and thrombosis surge forward. Administration of an antibody targeting complement component C5 led to substantial clinical improvement in the two young women; the young man chose not to be treated.

A cautionary tale: don’t be Dr. Procrustes. When the patient doesn’t fit the diagnosis, when the guest doesn’t fit the furniture, step back and think again. Perhaps the guest would be better rested in a different bed, or the patient better treated in a different paradigm.

As a corollary question: should any patient labeled with treatment-refractory inflammatory bowel disease have their genome sequenced—before the appearance of similarly affected siblings, as in this family— as part of re-evaluation and second-line work-up?

Answers on a postcard, please, to the usual address.

Literaturede Boer ECW et al. A pedigree with complement hyperactivation, angiopathic thrombosis, and severe protein-losing enteropathy (CHAPLE) disease: Variable penetrance and treatment with pozelimab. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025 Jun; 23(7):1264-1267.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.11.015. Epub 2024 Dec 15. PMID: 39689772

Roilidis I et al. Variability in the management of portal hypertension across European countries: A survey-study by ESPGHAN Portal Hypertension Special Interest Group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2025 Jun 12. doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70115. Online ahead of print. PMID: 40501451

Today’s guest is Dr Luca Scarallo, one of the rising stars in the constellation of experts in inflammatory bowel disease.

Dr Scarallo – I’m tempted to call him simply “Luca,” as he was born in 1993, which makes him impossibly young – comes from Benevento, lying east and south of Naples. That city, his birthplace, has a history as impossibly long as Luca is impossibly young. It flourished under the Roman Republic and Empire, was the southern capital of the German Longbeards, the Longobardi, who ruled much of Italy fifteen hundred years ago, and belonged to the papacy for almost a millennium, till the creation of the Italian state in 1860.

Unimaginable for me, whose family and native country have practically no history at all…

At any rate, in flight from the weight of this enormous past, he went from the frying pan into two successive history-laden fires:

• To Milan for medical education, and

• To Florence for specialty training.

There, he now attends children with gastrointestinal disease, having spent a year away from Florence at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto—a refreshingly history-poor city—as an investigator.

Whilst his research interests centre on diet in inflammatory bowel disease, his chosen emphasis for this podcast interview is the use of sonography to assess the inflamed bowel – references to work in this area are supplied below.

As you listen, ask yourselves these questions, please:

• How do you use intestinal ultrasound in your daily practice?

• Has the introduction of intestinal ultrasound in investigation and diagnosis changed your practice?

• Can you imagine using intestinal ultrasound more extensively in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases?

Literature

• Scarallo L et al. Bowel ultrasound scan predicts corticosteroid failure in children with acute severe colitis.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2020 Jul; 71(1):46-51.Doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002677. PMID: 32102087

• Kellar A et al. Intestinal ultrasound for the pediatric gastroenterologist: A guide for inflammatory bowel disease monitoring in children.Expert consensus on behalf of the International Bowel Ultrasound Group (IBUS) pediatric committee.J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023 Feb 1; 76(2):142-148.Doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003649. PMID: 36306530. PMCID: PMC9848217

• Chavannes M et al. Bedside intestinal ultrasound predicts disease severity and the disease distribution of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot cross-sectional study.Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024 Mar 1; 30(3):402-409.Doi: 10.1093/ibd/izad083. PMID: 37229656. PMCID: PMC10906360

  Dr. Scarallo´s favourite song: Caruso - Lucio Dalla

  ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo 

Dr Eytan Wine was graduated from the School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University in 1998, with training in paediatrics at Wolfson Medical Center in Holon, Israel, followed by specialty training in gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, where he also earned a PhD degree for studies in bacterially induced intestinal inflammation.

His first position as an attending physician began in 2009 at the Stollery Children’s Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, where in 2021 he was appointed to a professorship of paediatrics at the University of Alberta – which he has just left to work again in Toronto at the Hospital for Sick Children.

His academic interests have centred on the interplay among diet, enteral microbiome, and intestinal inflammation.

When interviewed in Helsinki, at the 2025 annual meeting of ESPGHAN, he chose, however, rather than to concentrate on his contributions in this area, instead to address the important clinical question of:

• How to select initial therapy and

• How to progress to longer-term therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, given the sometimes bewildering array of options in both testing and treatment.

He asks:

• What are the best treatments for paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in 2025, and how do we define "best"?

• How do we navigate a world with so many therapy options and choose the ‘best’ one for an individual patient?

• Finally, does the order matter in which we deploy the weapons in our armamentarium?

• Do we start with our most effective therapy or keep it for refractory cases only?

All this, with the ground beneath us continually quaking and shifting...

To specialise in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease requires substantial effort.With a guide like Dr Wine, however, one can be more confident that one is choosing well – as the references below demonstrate.

Literature

• Bressler B. Is there an optimal sequence of biologic therapies for inflammatory bowel disease? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023 Apr 5; 16:17562848231159452.Doi: 10.1177/17562848231159452. eCollection 2023. PMID: 37057077. PMCID: PMC10087655

• Spencer EA. Choosing the right therapy at the right time for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Does sequence matter. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023 Sep; 52(3):517-534.Doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.05.006. PMID: 37543397

• Noor NM et al. Review article: Novel therapies in inflammatory bowel disease - An update for clinicians. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024 Nov; 60(9):1244-1260.Doi: 10.1111/apt.18294. PMID: 39403052

  Dr. Wine´s favourite song: Michael Jakson - We are the world

  ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo 

You’ll never guess who’s across the table from me today – well, across the miles, since we’re encountering one another via ZOOM, but either way, you’ll never guess.

It’s JPGN Journal Club again with... wait for it... have you marked your score sheet, folded it in quarters, and dropped it into the sealed box? No? Too late now – because it’s Dr Jake Mann!

How many of you guessed right?

1. From J Pediatr Gastroenterol NutrStock et al. from Kassel, Germany – yes, the city of Documenta, Brothers Grimm, and once the capital of the Kingdom of Westphalia under Jérôme Bonaparte (who, by the way, emancipated the Jews and brought in the metric system – good job, Jerry!). This study comes from the Children’s Hospital there:

“Hydrostatic low-volume enemas in infants with birth weight ≤ 1000 g or gestational age ≤ 28 weeks: A controlled interventional study.”

What’s it all about? In short, they tested whether standardizing enemas in extremely premature infants could help improve outcomes like reducing NEC, intestinal perforation, or meconium plug syndrome. The answer: Yes, standardization helped – but didn’t change the need for parenteral feeding.The bigger question lingers though – does clearing meconium early really help overall? Probably not, say the authors. The gut’s still immature, no matter what you do. Or in Starfleet speak: Primum non nocere.

2. From Clin Gastroenterol HepatolBaccarella et al., at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP – and side note, I grew up 50 km away, so Philly was once my Bright Lights, Big City).

“Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in monogenic inflammatory bowel disease.”

What they found will lift your spirits: In 25 kids (23 of whom had very early-onset IBD), stem cell transplants worked beautifully. No deaths. 23 are in remission and med-free up to 10 years later. Some bumps – infections, GVHD, veno-occlusive disease – but all manageable.Interesting detail: patients with certain genetic mutations (affecting both leukocytes and epithelial cells) didn’t respond as well as those with mutations limited to immune cells.

🎉 What good news! Brava la dottoressa Baccarella, bravi tutti i dottori di Filadelfia!

• Baccarella A et al. Outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 May 14:S1542-3565(25)00404-5.Doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2025.03.018PMID: 40378986

• Stock T et al. Hydrostatic low-volume enemas in infants with birth weight ≤ 1000 g or gestational age ≤ 28 weeks: A controlled interventional study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 May 8.Doi: 10.1002/jpn3.70055PMID: 40344423

Today’s podcast is a change of pace.It showcases not only Prof Dr Amit Assa, offering his expertise in approaches to treatment of paediatric ulcerative colitis, but also Dr Vangelis Giamouris, a member of Young ESPGHAN who sits on the Education Committee.

Dr Giamouris has put his head over the parapet: not your usual interviewer, but instead Vangelis will shoot questions at Prof Assa; Prof Assa will shoot answers back; and the listeners can enjoy the firefight.

Vangelis, may the odds be ever in your favour!

Dr Giamouris was granted his medical degree at the University of Thessaly, trained in paediatrics in Athens at the Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, and at present works at King’s College Hospital (London). He presents three clinical scenarios that involve aspects of paediatric ulcerative colitis to Prof Assa for his perspective on diagnosis and treatment.

Prof Assa is from Israel, where he trained. After a post-graduate fellowship in Toronto at the Hospital for Sick Children, he returned to Israel, where he chairs the Institute for Pediatric Gastroenterology at Kaplan Medical Center in Rehovot. He is also a full professor of pediatrics at Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

In his comments on Dr Giamouris’ clinical vignettes, he illustrates the principles set out in the recently updated ESPGHAN / NASPGHAN guidelines for physicians addressing paediatric ulcerative colitis — guidelines which are cited below.

Now let the games begin!

Literature – pending publicationManagement of Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis, Part 1: Ambulatory Care — An Updated Evidence-based Consensus Guideline from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization

Management of Paediatric Ulcerative Colitis, Part 2: Acute Severe Colitis — An Updated Evidence-based Consensus Guideline from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization

Prof. Assa´s favourite song: James Taylor - Fire and Rain

ESPGHAN favourite Songs can be found on Spotify https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0YIHKjxITLEm9XNyHyypTo