In this episode, Dr. Neda Gilmartin, a Belgian-trained orthopedic surgeon, discusses her journey and expertise in spinal surgery. The conversation delves into various spinal fusion techniques, including PLIF, TLIF, and ALIF, exploring their historical development, advantages, and complications. Dr. Gilmartin shares insights on the evolution of surgical approaches and the importance of understanding the risks associated with each technique, providing a comprehensive overview of modern spinal surgery. In this conversation, Dr. Abbasi and Dr. Gilmartin delve into the various surgical techniques for spinal fusion, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, including OLLIF, ALIF, and T-LIF. They explore the importance of surgical experience, patient selection, and the economic implications of performing surgeries in ambulatory surgery centers versus hospitals. The discussion also highlights the risks associated with different surgical methods and the impact of muscle damage during procedures. Personal insights from Dr. Gilmartin's experiences in spine surgery provide a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of spinal care.