Anatomy:

Scientific Definition: The study of the structure and organization of living organisms.

Etymology: From Greek "anatome" (ana - up, tome - cutting), referring to the dissection or cutting up of organisms for study.

Physiology:

Scientific Definition: The study of how living organisms function and the mechanisms that drive their bodily processes.

Etymology: From Greek "physis" (nature) and "logia" (study), meaning the study of nature.

Kinesiology:

Scientific Definition: The study of human movement, including the mechanics, muscular function, and coordination involved in movement.

Etymology: From Greek "kinesis" (movement) and "logia" (study), meaning the study of movement.

Biomechanics:

Scientific Definition: The study of mechanical principles applied to living organisms and their movement.

Etymology: From Greek "bios" (life) and "mēkhanē" (machine), meaning the study of the mechanical aspects of life.

Muscle Contraction:

Scientific Definition: The process by which muscle fibers generate force and shorten in length.

Etymology: "Muscle" comes from Latin "musculus" (little mouse) due to the visual similarity of muscles under the skin to moving mice.

Isometric Exercise:

Scientific Definition: Muscle contraction without a change in muscle length or joint angle.

Etymology: "Iso" from Greek (equal) + "metric" from Greek "metron" (measure), meaning equal measurement.

Isotonic Exercise:

Scientific Definition: Muscle contraction with a change in muscle length and constant tension.

Etymology: "Iso" (equal) + "tonic" from Greek "tonos" (tension), meaning equal tension.

Hypertrophy:

Scientific Definition: The enlargement of muscle fibers due to increased protein synthesis.

Etymology: From Greek "hyper" (over) + "trophia" (nourishment), meaning excessive nourishment.

Atrophy:

Scientific Definition: The wasting away or reduction in size of muscle tissue due to disuse or disease.

Etymology: From Greek "a" (without) + "trophe" (nourishment), meaning without nourishment.

Aerobic Exercise:

Scientific Definition: Physical activity that requires oxygen for energy production over an extended period.

Etymology: "Aero" from Greek "aēr" (air) + "bios" (life), meaning life with air.

Anaerobic Exercise:

Scientific Definition: Physical activity that does not heavily rely on oxygen for energy production.

Etymology: "Ana" from Greek "an" (without) + "aēr" (air), meaning without air.

Cardiovascular System:

Scientific Definition: The system responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, including the heart and blood vessels.

Etymology: "Cardio" from Greek "kardia" (heart) + "vascular" from Latin "vasculum" (small vessel), meaning heart and vessels.

Skeletal Muscle:

Scientific Definition: Muscles attached to bones that allow for movement through contraction.

Etymology: "Skeletal" from Latin "sceletus" (skeleton) + "muscle" as mentioned earlier.

Flexion:

Scientific Definition: Decreasing the angle between two body parts.

Etymology: From Latin "flectere" (to bend).

Extension:

Scientific Definition: Increasing the angle between two body parts.

Etymology: From Latin "extendere" (to stretch out).

Agonist:

Scientific Definition: The muscle primarily responsible for a specific movement.

Etymology: From Greek "agonistes" (combatant), referring to someone competing in a contest.

Antagonist:

Scientific Definition: The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist.

Etymology: From Greek "antagonistes" (opponent), referring to someone opposing in a contest.

Proprioception:

Scientific Definition: The sense of the position and movement of the body.

Etymology: "Proprio" from Latin "proprius" (one's own) + "ception" from Latin "capere" (to take), meaning taking hold of one's own.