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Podcast | Latin in Layman’s - A Rhetoric Revolution https://open.spotify.com/show/0EjiYFx1K4lwfykjf5jApM?si=b871da6367d74d92

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Podcast | Latin in Layman’s - A Rhetoric Revolution https://open.spotify.com/show/0EjiYFx1K4lwfykjf5jApM?si=b871da6367d74d92

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1. Decompose (Latin de- + componere, "to put together") - To break down into smaller parts or elements.

2. Decontaminate (Latin de- + contaminate, "to contaminate") - To remove or reduce contaminants or pollutants from an environment or item.

3. Defame (Latin de- + fama, "a rumor") - To harm someone's reputation by making false or malicious statements.

4. Deflate (Latin de- + flate, "to blow") - To reduce the pressure or size of something by releasing air or gas.

5. Deflect (Latin de- + flectere, "to turn") - To cause to turn aside, especially by applying force; to divert.

6. Degrade (Latin de- + gradus, "a step") - To reduce in quality, value, or degree; to lower in rank or character.

7. Dehydrate (Latin de- + hydros, "water") - To remove water or moisture from something.

8. Demolish (Latin de- + moliri, "to build") - To tear down, destroy, or ruin completely.

9. Demoralize (Latin de- + morale, "morals") - To destroy or weaken the morale or spirits of someone or a group of people.

10. Denounce (Latin de- + nuntiare, "to declare") - To publicly condemn or criticize someone or something.

1. Imbibe (etymology: Latin, "to drink in") - to consume alcohol or any other liquid.

2. Imbroglio (etymology: Italian, "a confusing situation") - a complicated or confused situation.

3. Impassive (etymology: Latin, "without feeling") - without emotion or feeling.

4. Immaculate (etymology: Latin, "without spot") - free from dirt or stain; spotless; perfect.

5. Immaterial (etymology: Latin, "not of matter") - not consisting of physical matter; not relevant or important.

6. Immature (etymology: Latin, "not ripe") - not fully developed; not old or experienced enough.

7. Imminent (etymology: Latin, "about to happen") - about to happen; impending.

8. Immolate (etymology: Latin, "to sacrifice") - to kill or offer as a sacrifice.

9. Immutable (etymology: Latin, "not changeable") - not capable of being changed; unchangeable.

10. Immunize (etymology: Latin, "to make immune") - to make someone or something immune to a particular disease or condition.

1. Unbelievable:

Etymology: Late Middle English (in the sense ‘not worthy of belief’): from Old French incroiable, from in- ‘not’ + croire ‘believe’.

Definition: Too extraordinary or improbable to be believed.

2. Unacceptable:

Etymology: Late 16th century: from un- (expressing reversal) + acceptable.

Definition: Not satisfactory or not approved of.

3. Unconditional:

Etymology: Late Middle English: from un- (expressing reversal) + conditional.

Definition: Not subject to any restrictions; absolute.

4. Unconventional:

Etymology: Early 19th century: from un- (expressing reversal) + conventional.

Definition: Not based on or in agreement with what is generally done or believed.

5. Unforeseen:

Etymology: Mid 17th century: from un- (expressing reversal) + foreseeable.

Definition: Not anticipated; unexpected.

6. Unfortunate:

Etymology: Late Middle English (in the sense ‘unlucky’): from Old French, literally ‘not fortunate’, from un- (expressing reversal) + fortune (noun).

Definition: Unlucky or adverse; causing misery or suffering.

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There are three important rules to remember here: 

1. Neuter nominative and accusative forms are always the same; 

2. An adjective agrees with the noun it modifies in number, gender and case; 

3. A substantive derives its substance from its gender. 

1. Neuter gender

Along with masculine and feminine, Latin also has a neuter gender meaning “neither,” referring to how it is neither masculine nor feminine. Thus neuter gender is often applied to things which don’t have a natural gender, words like: “war” bellum, “iron” ferrum, or “danger” periculum. But it’s not as simple as that. There are many exceptions to this rule and thus in Latin things which are masculine in gender are not necessarily always male in nature. The same holds true for the other two genders. 

So in Latin it’s not as straightforward as it is in English where “he,” the masculine pronoun, almost always refers to something male or “she,” the feminine pronoun, something female, or “it,” the neuter pronoun, something without gender. In Latin there are many things which we English speakers see as not having natural gender and so we refer to any of these things in the singular as “it,” but in Latin these same things are masculine or feminine. For instance, “penalty” poena is a feminine word, “agricola” farmer is also feminine, as is “memory” memoria; “book” liber is masculine, and “year” annus is too, as is “grief” dolor. Therefore, at the end of the day, gender in Latin is arbitrary and must be memorized for each noun. 

Patterns do exist, however, that can aid in memorizing a word’s gender. For instance, first-declension nouns which have -a in their nominative singular are almost always feminine. In the same way, second declension nouns ending in -us in their nominative singular are almost always masculine. As we study other declensions and see patterns which can help in memorizing gender, we’ll point them out. Second-declension neuter nouns. Here are the endings for second declension neuter. Note: the nominative singular ending, -um. In second declension singular, that’s the only difference between masculine and neuter forms. In the plural, there are only two differences: the -a ending found in the nominative and accusative of the neuter. And there is one thing to be very careful of here: the neuter nominative and accusative plural -a ending looks a lot like the nominative singular feminine ending in first declension. Confusing these two endings is an easy mistake to make, but because no Latin noun is both first and second declension, these endings do not actually overlap in any way which just underscores the importance of knowing which declension a Latin noun belongs to.

Here’s an example of a second-declension neuter noun: bellum, a word which means “war.” Let’s decline it together: 

• Bellum, Belli, Bello, Bellum, Bello, Bella, Bellorum, Bellis, Bella, Bellis

2. Substantives are words that are fundamentally adjectives but they function as nouns. Such as the adjective “good.” It can serve as a substantive, that is, as a noun. So, for instance, if you talk about the “goods” in the store, “goods” is a noun meaning “the good things” in the store. The adjective is serving as a noun and that’s a substantive. Similarly, you can talk about a “swift,” a fast-flying bird. Birds are nouns but the word “swift” is at heart an adjective.

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1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): GERD is a condition in which stomach acid or other contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, causing pain and discomfort. Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and a sour taste in the mouth. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek words “gastro” (stomach) and “esophagus” (throat).

2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): IBS is a disorder of the large intestine that causes abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Symptoms may include cramping, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “irritabilis” (irritable) and “colon” (large intestine).

3. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis is a condition in which small bulging pouches, called diverticula, form in the wall of the large intestine. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, constipation, and fever. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “diverticulum” (pouch) and “itis” (inflammation).

• The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “divertikulos” (small pouch) and “itis” (inflammation).

4. Uterine Fibroids: Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and pain. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “uterus” (womb) and “fibra” (fibrous tissue).

5. Abdominal Migraines: Abdominal migraines are recurrent episodes of abdominal pain that may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “abdomen” (stomach) and “migraine” (severe headache).

6. Gastroparesis: Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach muscles are weak and food empties slowly from the stomach. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek words “gastro” (stomach) and “paresis” (weakness).

____________________________________________________________________________

I. Pyelitis: Pyelitis is a medical condition in which the pyelum (the area around the kidney) is inflamed. Symptoms include lower back pain, fever, and pain or discomfort when urinating. The cause is usually bacterial or viral. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “pyel” (kidney) and “itis” (inflammation).

II. Esophageal Spasm: Esophageal spasm occurs when normal muscle contractions in the esophagus become either too strong or too weak. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and heartburn. It is typically caused by underlying health conditions such as GERD, scleroderma, or diabetes. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “esophagos” (throat) and “spasm” (muscle contraction).

III. Gastritis: Gastritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. Symptoms may include stomach pains, nausea, vomiting, and/or loss of appetite. It is typically caused by bacterial infections, prolonged use of certain medications, or chronic alcohol use. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “gaster” (stomach) and “itis” (inflammation).

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Podcast | Latin in Layman’s - A Rhetoric Revolution https://open.spotify.com/show/0EjiYFx1K4lwfykjf5jApM?si=b871da6367d74d92

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Myth written by me and narrated by me and adapted by me!

Once upon a time there lived a youth of extraordinary beauty named Narcissus. He was admired and adored by all who beheld him, and many sought to court him, only to be rejected. His haughty attitude and rejection of the affections of others only served to amplify his appeal, and so Narcissus became a symbol of the power of beauty and a cautionary tale of the dangers of hubris.

One day, Narcissus was walking along the banks of a river when he was overcome by his own beauty and stopped to admire his reflection in the water. Though he had rejected the affections of so many, Narcissus was unable to resist his own charms, and he was consumed by an all-consuming love for himself. He became so enamored with his reflection that he stayed there, transfixed, until he eventually died of starvation, his body transforming into the flower that now bears his name.

The myth of Narcissus serves as a warning of the dangers of vanity and pride, and a reminder that too much of anything, even of one's own beauty, can be detrimental. In modern times, this timeless lesson is as relevant as ever. The dangers of narcissism and its associated hubris can be seen in the way that people prioritize their own desires and needs over the well-being of others, leading to a breakdown of relationships and a lack of empathy. The story of Narcissus is a reminder that we should all strive to be mindful of the impact of our actions and to be mindful of our own vanity.

It’s kind of a double-edged sword.. Narcissism in the modern world is an increasingly common trait, particularly among millennials and younger generations. It is seen in the way people talk about themselves, how they present themselves online, and the way they interact with others. Narcissism can manifest itself in a variety of ways, such as arrogance, entitlement, and a desire for constant validation and admiration from others. It can also lead to a lack of empathy and an inability to accept criticism.

At the same time, narcissism can also be beneficial in certain aspects of life. It can give people the confidence and self-belief to achieve their goals, and it can also help them to stand out from the crowd. While it can be a positive trait, it is important to remember that it can be taken to extremes, leading to toxic behavior. It is important to be mindful of the impact that narcissism can have on relationships and try to strike a balance between self-confidence and respect for others.

Metabolism 

• 1878 in the physiology sense of "the sum of the chemical changes within the body by which the protoplasm is renewed, changed, or prepared for excretion," 

• from Greek metabole "a change," from metaballein "to change," from meta "change" + ballein "to throw".

Chemical 

• from chemic "of alchemy" (a worn-down derivative of Medieval Latin alchimicus) + -al (of or pertaining to).

Catabolic 

•  1876, katabolism, "destructive metabolism," 

• from Greek from kata "down" + ballein "to throw".

Anabolic

• "pertaining to the process of building up" (especially in metabolism), 1876, with -ic + Greek from ana "up, upward"  + ballein "to throw."

Reactant 

• 1640s, "to exert, as a thing acted upon, an opposite action upon the agent," from re- "back" + “act” from Latin actus, past participle of agere "to set in motion, drive, drive forward," hence "to do, perform,"

Product

• early 15c., "mathematical quantity obtained by multiplication," from Medieval Latin productum, in classical Latin "something produced," noun use of neuter past participle of producere "bring forth"

Endothermic

• Endo- word-forming element meaning "inside, within, internal," from Greek endon "in, within." 

•  from Greek therme "heat, feverish heat."

Exothermic

•  from Greek exō (adv.) "outside," related to ex (prep.) "out of" 

• from Greek therme "heat, feverish heat." 

Enzyme

• from Modern Greek enzymos "leavened," from en "in/within" + zymē "leaven" 

• En+zyme = “Leavened within/in”

• Hence, where we get leavened bread: substance, typically yeast, that is used in dough to make it rise.

Catalyst

• 1650s, "dissolution," 

• from Latinized form of Greek katalysis "dissolution, a dissolving" 

• from kata "down" (or "completely"), + lyein "to loosen"

Denaturation

• from Latin de "down, down from, from, off; concerning" (see de), also used as a prefix in Latin, usually meaning "down, off, away, from among, down from," (defenestration; the action of throwing someone out of a window.) 

• Fenestra (latin noun); window

• from Latin natura "course of things; natural character, constitution, quality; the universe," literally "birth," from natus "born," past participle of nasci "to be born,"

Consumer 

• from Latin consumere "to use up, eat, waste," from assimilated form of com-, here perhaps an intensive prefix + sumere "to take," 

• from sub- "under" + emere "to buy, take"

Carnivore 

•  from Latin carnivorus "flesh-eating" 

Omnivore

•  formed from omnivorous on model of carnivore/carnivorous. French omnivore was noted as a neologism in that language in 1801 and might be the direct source of the English word.

Aerobic 

• from Greek aero- "air" + bios "life" 

Anaerobic 

• from Greek an- "without" + aēr "air" + bios "life"