In the second episode, Betül and her colleague Gema discuss the EU’s Market Integration and Supervision Package (MISP) and its implications for European capital markets. The conversation focuses on the significant expansion of ESMA’s supervisory powers, including direct oversight of major market infrastructures and crypto asset service providers, as well as changes to ESMA’s governance and funding model. They explore how the new supervisory framework is intended to reduce fragmentation, strengthen supervisory convergence, and limit regulatory arbitrage across Member States. The episode also highlights key issues for market participants as the legislative negotiations move forward.