A 12-year study of more than 130,000 dairy cows showed that severe heat reduces their milk production by about 10 percent.

What’s more, that lower production can last up to 10 days after just one sweltering day.

This effect is expected to become more pronounced by 2050, as heat stress worsens. South Asia is likely to feel the most severe consequences, since it’s expected to account for more than half of the world’s increased milk production over the next decade.

Although producers must rely on cooling strategies for their cows, these methods may only be able to reduce heat’s effects on production by about 40%.