The term 'fascism' is often invoked these days from voices on both the Left and the Right. Heather and Joanne start by defining the term and and have a conversation firmly rooted in history, from the proto-fascism of Southern enslavement, to the fascist playbooks established by Mussolini and Hitler, to the current risks for the normalization of fascist ideology and tropes in the United States. 

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For references & supplemental materials, head to: cafe.com/now-and-then/fascism-meanings-and-methods/

Now & Then is presented by CAFE and the Vox Media Podcast Network.

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